What causes and/or aggravates PMS?

Researchers have not yet discovered one single cause for PMS, but possibilities include decreased hormone levels and nutritional imbalances. Stress, caffeine intake, alcohol use, and sodium consumption may aggravate PMS symptoms.

While scientists have not yet pinned down an exact cause for PMS, some possible causes include low levels or imbalance of estrogen and progesterone, low serotonin levels, decreased tryptophan levels, or nutritional imbalances. Stress, caffeine intake, alcohol use, and sodium consumption may also contribute to the severity of PMS symptoms.

Dietary and lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and daily use of a multivitamin, may significantly reduce or prevent symptoms of PMS. Doctors usually recommend that women exercise regularly, drink plenty of water, and reduce intakes of sodium, caffeine, and alcohol. Stress management and relaxation techniques are also useful.