Severe Sodium Restriction Diet
Written by Med-Scope
Severe Sodium Restriction Diet
Description
In a number of severe diseased states, individuals may be extremely sodium sensitive meaning consumption of dietary sodium or sodium containing fluids may cause serious adverse reactions. In these cases a Severe Sodium Restriction Diet may be required which supplies 500 milligrams of sodium per day as compared to the 3,000- 4,000 milligrams per day level recommended by the Dietary Goals Diet.
The Severe Sodium Restricted Diet is used to treat liver failure associated with edema, congestive heart failure or the management of extreme sodium sensitive hypertension. No salt may be added to any food, beverage, or condiment in this diet.
The Severe Sodium Restricted Diet is adequate for all nutrients except iron for females according to the RDA's. Because this diet is very low in sodium, deficiency of sodium could result if inappropriately applied. Salt substitutes containing sodium should not be used unless a nutritionist is consulted.
In diuretic treated individuals, potassium supplementation may be required as reviewed by a doctor or nutritionist.
Significant amounts of sodium may be found in drinking water from municipal sources, chemically softened water or mineral water. In these cases, demineralized water may be required.Sample Menu
Menu for One Day
Breakfast
1/2 grapefruit
1/2 c puffed wheat
1 egg (poached) or egg substitute
1 c skim milk or milk - 2% fat
1 tsp unsalted margarine or butter
Hot, noncaloric beverage
1 slice low sodium whole wheat bread
Lunch
1 c unsalted soup, vegetable 2 oz sliced turkey breast 2 sicess whole wheat bread Sliced lettuce & tomato 2 tsp salt-free mayonnaise 4 apricot halves 1 c low sodium tomato juice 1/3 c unsalted cooked sweet corn
Dinner
2 oz broiled halibut 1 c brown rice 1/2 c steamed broccoli 1 slice whole wheat bread 1 tsp unsalted margarine 1 banana 1 c skim milk or milk - 2% fat Hot, noncaloric beverage 2 tsp oil and vinegar dressing 1 c salad: romaine, or Boston lettuce; sliced carrot, cucumber, mushroom, bell pepper, celery
Total Calories For The Day: 1,555
Nutrient Content:
Calories: 1555 Fat: 27% Protein: 16% Cholesterol: 320mg Carbohydrate: 57% Fiber: 14g
Food Exchange List
Bread and Cereal Exchange List: 4 servings/day
Recommended
Low sodium yeast breads Low sodium crackers Unsalted cooked cereals Potato Sweet potato Whole wheat pastas Enriched pastas Beans (dried) Green peas Lentil
Unsalted popcorn
Quick-bread made with low sodium baking powder
Unsalted prepared cereals such as:
Puffed rice
Puffed wheat
Shredded wheat
Avoid:
Breads, baked goods, or crackers containing salt, baking powder, or baking soda
Other dry cereals Instant hot cereals Frozen potatoes Prepared rice or pasta mixtures
Fat Exchange List: as needed; moderation advised
Recommended
Vegetable oils Unsalted mayonnaise Unsalted butter Unsalted nuts Unsalted margarine Unsalted salad dressing
Avoid
Regular mayonnaise Commercial salad dressing Regular butter Bacon Regular margarine Salted nuts
Fruit Exchange List: 2 or more per day
Recommended
Fresh, frozen and low-salt canned fruits, both whole and juice, except those noted below
Avoid
Maraschino cherries
Dried or frozen fruit with salt or sodium added
Meat and Meat Substitute Exchange List: 5 servings/day
Recommended
Low sodium cheese Low sodium tuna and salmon Cottage cheese Unsalted peanut butter Egg Fresh or fresh-frozen meat, poultry, fish, and shellfish
Avoid
Smoked, cured, salted, or canned meat, fish, poultry, and shellfish
All other cheeses
Salted peanut butter
Milk Exchange List: 2 servings/day
Recommended
Skim milk Milk - 2% fat Whole milk - fresh Yogurt
Avoid
Buttermilk Chocolate milk Evaporated milk Condensed milk Malted milk Milk shakes and other milk mixes
Vegetable Exchange List: 2 servings/day
Recommended
Fresh, frozen or unsalted canned vegetables, both whole or juices, except those noted below
Avoid
Artichoke Turnip Beet Frozen sweet corn Carrot Green peas Celery Lima bean Kale Swiss chard Dandelion greens Canned tomato products with salt Mustard greens Salted vegetable juices Rutabaga
Miscellaneous Exchange List
Recommended
Homemade unsalted soups & broths
Low-sodium catsup
Low sodium mustard
Low-sodium chili sauce
Black pepper - ground & other spices
Avoid
Cream sauces Chili sauce Gravies Barbecue sauce Soy sauce Monosodium glutamate (MSG) Mustard Prepared or frozen entrees Catsup Commercial soups and broths
Note: Include 6-8 cups of fluids, such as water, per day.References
Alpers, D.H., R.E. Clouse & W.F. Stenson. 1983. Manual of Nutritional Therapeutics. Little, Brown, and Company, Boston. 457 pp.
American Cancer Society. Facts on Prostate Cancer.
Chicago Dietetic Association and the South Suburban Dietetic Association of Cook and Will counties. 1981. Manual of Clinical Dietetics. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Iowa Dietetics Association. 1984. Simplified Diet Manual: with Meal Patterns, 5th ed. Iowa State University Press; Ames, Iowa. 108 pp.
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