Abstracts
Gamma Globulin and Vitamin B12
Gamma Globulin and Vitamin B12
This is a clinical observation from a physician who reports 12 injections given three times a week, then two times a week and then weekly of 2 cc's Gamma "Globulin" with 1 cc of "vitamin B12", having positive benefits in antibody elevated Epstein-Barr "Virus" syndrome. After 12 injections titers were down and the patient had regained enough energy to return to work.
"Gamma Globulin for Chronic "Fatigue" Syndrome", Sheppard, Stephen, A., MD, et al, Cortlandt Forum, June 1990;57:28-16.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
The etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is unknown. Some patients have high antibody titers to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), suggesting that reactivation of EBV is involved.
Investigated virus load (spontaneous transformation) and immunologic regression of EBV-induced transformation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 selected patients with CFS who had high antibody titers to VCA and EA.
There were no significant differences in viral load between patients and healthy controls. Immunologic regression of in vitro-transformed PBMCs was also equally efficient in patients and controls.
Unable to demonstrate a role for reactivation of EBV in CFS, even in selected patients with high titers of antibody to VCA and EA of EBV.
Swanink CM et al., Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the chronic fatigue syndrome: normal virus load in blood and normal immunologic reactivity in the EBV regression assay. Clin Infect Dis, 1995 May, 20:5, 1390-2.
Chronicity of EBV
Chronicity of EBV
Multiple lines of investigation have solidly established that "infectious" "mononucleosis" results from a primary "infection" with "EBV"[a member of the "herpes" group]. This virus is common throughout all areas of the world and that most "infections" are subclinical and inapparent.
Chronicity of Epstein Barr Virus Infection. Editorial - Niederman, J.C. Ann. Int. Med. 1985 Jan; 102(1): 119-21.
Diagnosis & Treatment (EBV)
Diagnosis and Treatment
"Infectious mononucleosis" is caused by the EBV and most commonly affects young adults from 15 to 35 years of "age". The diagnosis is made by accurate assessment of clinical, hematologic and serologic manifestations of the illness: the classic triad being: "fever", "pharyngitis" and cervical lymphadenopathy. The most valuable serologic finding is the presence of IgM antibody to EBV viral capsid antigen.
The most common potentially fatal complication is splenic rupture.
Diagnosis and treatment of infectious mononucleosis. Bailey, R.E. Am. Fam. Physician. 1994 Mar; 49(4): 879-88.
Hodgkin's Disease
Hodgkin's Disease
Hodgkin's disease (HD) represents a phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous lymphoma of CD30-positive tumour cells.
Infection of the tumour cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is found in significant proportions of cases with geographical variation and represents the most common genetic abnormality detectable in HD. If present, EBV is found in all tumour cells with monoclonal composition of episomes, indicating that EBV infection occurs prior to clonal expansion of the tumour cells.
Largely by the EBV-encoded protein LMP1, the virus may influence the expression of differentiation antigens and apoptosis. EBV-induced modulation of cytokine expression results in the activation of autocrine and paracrine regulatory loops and may contribute to the local inhibition of EBV-specific immunity observed in EBV-positive HD.
Herbst H: Epstein-Barr virus in Hodgkin's disease. Semin Cancer Biol, 1996 Aug, 7:4, 183-9.
Lung Disease
Lung Disease
The adenovirus and the Epstein-Barr virus are double-stranded DNA viruses capable of infecting the human respiratory tract and producing a wide spectrum of pulmonary disorders.
Review the viral factors and viral-host interactions that may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders associated with adenoviral and Epstein-Barr virus infections, focusing on the possible role of acute, persistent, and latent infections.
Adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus have evolved a remarkable array of strategies to survive within the infected host, and an improved understanding of these strategies is essential to developing innovative therapies to effectively manipulate viral-host interactions.
Hogg JC & Hegele RG: Adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in lung disease. Semin Respir Infect, 1995 Dec, 10:4, 244-53.
Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis
Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may manifest itself as a benign lymphoproliferative disorder, infections mononucleosis (IM).
B-cells are the primary target of EBV infection and that plasma cells may be a source of infectious virus found in the saliva of IM patients.
Niedobitek G et al., Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in infectious mononucleosis: virus latency, replication and phenotype of EBV-infected cells. J Pathol, 1997 Jun, 182:2, 151-9.
Neurologic Complications
Neurologic Complications
A review of the neurologic complications of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) infections is presented. EBV has been associated with a wide range of acute neurological diseases in children: "encephalitis", "meningitis", cranial nerve palsies, mononeuropathies, and many other neurological ailments have been. It is important to recognize that EBV can cause a myriad of neurologic illnesses with or without the stigmata of infectious mononucleosis.
Neurologic complications of infectious mononucleosis. Connelly,P.K. & DeWitt, L.D. Pediatr. Neurol. 1994 May; 10(3): 181-4.
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