Honey
Description
Honey, a sweet fluid made by bees from flower nectar. Honey offers minute amounts of all nutrients except simple sugars.
Honey is sweeter than sugar and therefore, the same degree of sweetness can be imparted to foods while adding slightly fewer calories.
The nutrients in honey may have a negligible impact on general nutrition. However, topical use seems to testify to powerful antiseptic and antibiotic properties. Many users would testify to benefits beyond the identifiable ingredients, so that science may not yet have fully de-mystified honey and the "sum of the whole may well exceed that of the constituent parts".
It is therefore included as a Natural Product in "Facts and Comparisons", along with numerous herbs.
Caloric Content
| 1 | |
| Calories: | 64 |
| Protein: | .1 gm |
| Carbohydrates: | 17.8 gm |
| Fiber: | 0 gm |
| Total fats: | 0 gm |
| Saturated fats: | - gm |
| Unsaturated fats: | - gm |
| Cholesterol: | - mg |
1. 1 teaspoon, 21 grams
Vitamin Content
| 1 | USRDA | |
| Vitamin A: | 0 | 5000 IU |
| Thiamine: | .002 | 1.7 mg |
| Vitamin B-2: | .014 | 1.7 mg |
| Vitamin B-6: | .004 | 2.0 mg |
| Vitamin B-12: | 0 | 6 mcg |
| Biotin: | - | 300 mcg |
| Niacin: | .1 | 20 mg |
| Pantothenic Acid: | .04 | 10 mg |
| Folic acid: | .001 | 400 mcg |
| Vitamin C: | trace | 60 mg |
| Vitamin E: | - | 30 IU |
1. 1 teaspoon, 21 grams
Mineral Content
| 1 | USRDA | |
| Calcium: | 1 | 1000 mg |
| Copper: | .008 | 2 mg |
| Iron: | .1 | 18 mg |
| Magnesium: | .6 | 400 mg |
| Manganese: | .006 | n/a mg |
| Phosphorus: | 1 | 1000 mg |
| Potassium: | 11 | n/a mg |
| Selenium: | - | n/a mcg |
| Sodium: | 1 | n/a mg |
| Zinc: | .016 | 15 mg |
1. 1 teaspoon, 21 grams
Amino Acid Content
| 1 | |
| Tryptophan: | - gm |
| Threonine: | - gm |
| Isoleucine: | - gm |
| Leucine: | - gm |
| Lysine: | - gm |
| Methionine: | - gm |
| Cysteine: | - gm |
| Phenylalanine: | - gm |
| Tyrosine: | - gm |
| Valine: | - gm |
| Arginine: | - gm |
| Histidine: | - gm |
| Alanine: | - gm |
| Aspartic acid: | - gm |
| Glutamic acid: | - gm |
| Glycine: | - gm |
| Proline: | - gm |
| Serine: | - gm |
1. 1 teaspoon, 21 grams
References
al Somal, N et al., Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to the antibacterial action of manuka honey. J. Roy. Soc. Med. 1994, 87(1):9.
Ali, AT et al., Inhibitory effect of natural honey on Helicobacter pylori. Trop. gastroenterol. 1991, 12(3):139.
Bourne, IH: Honey and healing of leg ulcers. (Letter, Comment) J. Roy. Soc. Med. 1991, 84(11):693.
Casteels, P et al., Apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honeybees. EMBO J. 1989, 8(8):2,387.
Casteels, P et al., Isolation and characterization of abaecin, a major antibacterial response peptide in the honeybee. (Apis mellifera) Eur. J. Biochem. 1990, 187(2):381.
Efem, SE et al., The antimicrobial spectrum of honey and its clinical significance. Infection, 1992, 20(4):227.
Elbagoury, EE & Rasmy, S: Antibacterial action of natural honey on anaerobic bacteroides. Egyptian Dental J. 1993, 39(1):381.
Facts and Comparisons. The Lawrence Review of Natural Products. Oct, 1995.
Fenicia, L et al., A case of infant botulism associated with honey feeding in Italy. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 1993, 9(6):671.
Fujiwara, S et al., A potent antibacterial protein in royal jelly. Purification and determination of the primary structure of royalisin. J. Biol. Chem. 1990. 265(19):11,333.
Greenwood, D: Honey for superficial wounds and ulcers. Lancet, 1993, 341(8837):90.
Kirschmann, John D. Nutrition Almanac: Nutrition Search. McGraw-Hill: New York. 1984.
Kreutner, Patricia A. Nutrition In Perspective. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs. 1980.
Obaseiki-Ebor, EE & Afonya, TC: In vitro evaluation of the anticandidiasis activity of honey distillate (HY-1) compared with that of some mycotic agents. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1984, 36(4):283.
Phuapradit, W & Sarapola, N: Topical application of honey in the treatment of abdominal wound disruption. ANZ J. Ob. GYn. 1992, 32(4):381.
Postmes, T et al., Honey for wounds, ulcers and skin graft preservation. (Letter) Lancet, 1993, 341 (8847):756.
Subrahmanyam, M: Honey-impregnated gause versus amniotic membrane in the treatment of burns. Burns, 1994, 20(4):331.
Subrahmanyam, M: Honey-impregnated gause versus polyurethane film (OpSite) in the treatment of burns - a prospective randomised study. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1993, 46(4):322.
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