Moderate Sodium Restriction Diet
Description
In a number of diseased states, individuals are extremely sodium sensitive, meaning dietary sodium or sodium containing fluids. In these cases, a moderate sodium restricted diet may be required which supplies 1,000 milligrams of sodium per day as compared to the 3,000 - 4,000 milligram per day level recommended in the Dietary Goals Diet.
The Moderate Sodium Restricted Diet is used to treat chronic liver failure with edema or congestive heart failure or management of sodium sensitive hypertension. No salt may be added to foods or condiments in this diet.
The Moderate Sodium Restricted Diet is adequate for all nutrients except iron for females according to the RDA's. Because this diet is very low in sodium, sodium deficiency could result in some individuals if not properly managed. Potassium containing salt substitutes should only be used after consultation with a nutritionist. Diuretic use in conjunction with a sodium restricted diet may require potassium supplementation. This should be done only with approval of a physician or nutritionist. Significant amounts of sodium may be present in local drinking water, chemically softened water, or mineral water. These amounts should be taken into account when designing sodium restricted meals.
Sample Menu
Menu for One Day
Breakfast
1/2 grapefruit
1 tsp unsalted margarine or butter
1 egg (poached or egg substitute)
1/2 c puffed wheat
1 c skim milk, or milk - 2% fat
1 slice whole wheat bread
Hot, unsalted, noncaloric beverage
Lunch
1 c unsalted vegetable soup
2 oz sliced turkey breast
2 slices whole wheat bread
2 tsp salt-free mayonnaise
Sliced lettuce and tomato
4 apricot halves
1 c low-sodium tomato juice
1/3 c unsalted cooked sweet corn
Hot, unsalted, noncaloric beverage
Dinner
3 oz broiled halibut
1 c brown rice
1/2 c steamed broccoli
1 slice whole wheat bread
1 tsp unsalted margarine or butter
1 banana
1 c skim milk or milk - 2% fat
Hot, unsalted, noncaloric beverage
2 tsp oil & vinegar dressing
1 c salad: romaine or Boston lettuce; sliced carrots, cucumbers, mushrooms, bell pepper, celery
Total Calories For The Day: 1,595
Nutrient Content:
| Calories: | 1595 | Fat: | 30% |
| Protein: | 14% | Cholesterol: | 325mg |
| Carbohydrate: | 56% | Fiber: | 15g |
Food Exchange List
Bread and Cereal Exchange List: 4 or more servings/day
Recommended
Low-sodium whole wheat bread
Whole grain pasta
Enriched pastas
Unsalted cooked cereals
Potato
Sweet potato
Rice
Beans (dried)
Green pea
Lentil
Unsalted popcorn
Low-sodium bread
Low-sodium crackers
Low-sodium matzo
Low-sodium baking powder products such as:
| Biscuits | Pancakes |
| Cornbread | Waffles |
Unsalted prepared cereals such as:
| Puffed rice | Puffed wheat | Shredded wheat |
Avoid
Breads, baked goods or crackers containing:
| Baking powder | Baking soda | Salt | |
| Dry cereals | Instant hot cereals | Frozen potatoes | |
| Prepared rice or pasta mixtures | Chips or snack foods |
Fat Exchange List: as needed; moderations advised
Recommended
| Vegetable oils | Unsalted mayonnaise |
| Unsalted butter | Unsalted nuts |
| Unsalted margarine | Unsalted salad dressings |
Avoid
| Bacon | Salted nuts |
| Regular butter | Cream soups |
| Regular margarine | Regular mayonnaise |
| Commercial salad dressing |
Fruit Exchange List: 2 or more servings/day
Recommended
Fresh, frozen and canned fruits, both whole and juice except those noted below
Avoid
Maraschino cherries
Meat and Meat Substitute Exchange List: 7 servings/day
Recommended
Low-sodium cheeses
Cottage cheese
Low-sodium tuna and salmon
Eggs
Unsalted peanut butter
Fresh or fresh-frozen meat, poultry, fish, and shellfish
Avoid
Smoked, cured, salted, or canned meat, fish, poultry and shellfish
All cheeses not noted above
Salted peanut butter
Milk Exchange List: 2 servings/day
Recommended
All milk, milk products (except buttermilk) and yogurt
Avoid
Buttermilk
Vegetable Exchange List: 2 servings/day
Recommended
Fresh, frozen, or unsalted canned vegetables, both whole or juice, except those noted below
Avoid
| Artichoke | Beet |
| Celery | Sweet corn |
| Canned tomato products with salt |
Miscellaneous Exchange List
Recommended:
Homemade unsalted soups and broths
Black pepper - ground and other spices
Low-sodium mustard and chili sauce
Vinegar
Avoid
| Cream sauces | Chili sauce |
| Gravies | Barbecue sauce |
| Soy sauce | Monosodium glutamate (MSG) |
| Mustard | Packaged, prepared, and frozen entrees |
| Catsup | Commercial soups and broths |
Note: Include 6-8 cups of fluid, such as water, per day.
References
Alpers, D.H., R.E. Clouse & W.F. Stenson. 1983. Manual of Nutritional Therapeutics. Little, Brown, and Company, Boston. 457 pp.
American Cancer Society. Facts on Prostate Cancer.
Chicago Dietetic Association and the South Suburban Dietetic Association of Cook and Will counties. 1981. Manual of Clinical Dietetics. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Iowa Dietetics Association. 1984. Simplified Diet Manual: with Meal Patterns, 5th ed. Iowa State University Press; Ames, Iowa. 108 pp.
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