Severe Sodium Restriction Diet
Description
In a number of severe diseased states, individuals may be extremely sodium sensitive meaning consumption of dietary sodium or sodium containing fluids may cause serious adverse reactions. In these cases a Severe Sodium Restriction Diet may be required which supplies 500 milligrams of sodium per day as compared to the 3,000- 4,000 milligrams per day level recommended by the Dietary Goals Diet.
The Severe Sodium Restricted Diet is used to treat liver failure associated with edema, congestive heart failure or the management of extreme sodium sensitive hypertension. No salt may be added to any food, beverage, or condiment in this diet.
The Severe Sodium Restricted Diet is adequate for all nutrients except iron for females according to the RDA's. Because this diet is very low in sodium, deficiency of sodium could result if inappropriately applied. Salt substitutes containing sodium should not be used unless a nutritionist is consulted.
In diuretic treated individuals, potassium supplementation may be required as reviewed by a doctor or nutritionist.
Significant amounts of sodium may be found in drinking water from municipal sources, chemically softened water or mineral water. In these cases, demineralized water may be required.
Sample Menu
Menu for One Day
Breakfast
1/2 grapefruit
1/2 c puffed wheat
1 egg (poached) or egg substitute
1 c skim milk or milk - 2% fat
1 tsp unsalted margarine or butter
Hot, noncaloric beverage
1 slice low sodium whole wheat bread
Lunch
| 1 c unsalted soup, vegetable | 2 oz sliced turkey breast |
| 2 sicess whole wheat bread | Sliced lettuce & tomato |
| 2 tsp salt-free mayonnaise | 4 apricot halves |
| 1 c low sodium tomato juice | 1/3 c unsalted cooked sweet corn |
Dinner
| 2 oz broiled halibut | 1 c brown rice |
| 1/2 c steamed broccoli | 1 slice whole wheat bread |
| 1 tsp unsalted margarine | 1 banana |
| 1 c skim milk or milk - 2% fat | Hot, noncaloric beverage |
| 2 tsp oil and vinegar dressing | 1 c salad: romaine, or Boston lettuce; sliced carrot, cucumber, mushroom, bell pepper, celery |
Total Calories For The Day: 1,555
Nutrient Content:
| Calories: | 1555 | Fat: | 27% |
| Protein: | 16% | Cholesterol: | 320mg |
| Carbohydrate: | 57% | Fiber: | 14g |
Food Exchange List
Bread and Cereal Exchange List: 4 servings/day
Recommended
| Low sodium yeast breads | Low sodium crackers |
| Unsalted cooked cereals | Potato |
| Sweet potato | Whole wheat pastas |
| Enriched pastas | Beans (dried) |
| Green peas | Lentil |
Unsalted popcorn
Quick-bread made with low sodium baking powder
Unsalted prepared cereals such as:
Puffed rice
Puffed wheat
Shredded wheat
Avoid:
Breads, baked goods, or crackers containing salt, baking powder, or baking soda
| Other dry cereals | Instant hot cereals |
| Frozen potatoes | Prepared rice or pasta mixtures |
Fat Exchange List: as needed; moderation advised
Recommended
| Vegetable oils | Unsalted mayonnaise |
| Unsalted butter | Unsalted nuts |
| Unsalted margarine | Unsalted salad dressing |
Avoid
| Regular mayonnaise | Commercial salad dressing |
| Regular butter | Bacon |
| Regular margarine | Salted nuts |
Fruit Exchange List: 2 or more per day
Recommended
Fresh, frozen and low-salt canned fruits, both whole and juice, except those noted below
Avoid
Maraschino cherries
Dried or frozen fruit with salt or sodium added
Meat and Meat Substitute Exchange List: 5 servings/day
Recommended
| Low sodium cheese | Low sodium tuna and salmon |
| Cottage cheese | Unsalted peanut butter |
| Egg | Fresh or fresh-frozen meat, poultry, fish, and shellfish |
Avoid
Smoked, cured, salted, or canned meat, fish, poultry, and shellfish
All other cheeses
Salted peanut butter
Milk Exchange List: 2 servings/day
Recommended
| Skim milk | Milk - 2% fat |
| Whole milk - fresh | Yogurt |
Avoid
| Buttermilk | Chocolate milk |
| Evaporated milk | Condensed milk |
| Malted milk | Milk shakes and other milk mixes |
Vegetable Exchange List: 2 servings/day
Recommended
Fresh, frozen or unsalted canned vegetables, both whole or juices, except those noted below
Avoid
| Artichoke | Turnip |
| Beet | Frozen sweet corn |
| Carrot | Green peas |
| Celery | Lima bean |
| Kale | Swiss chard |
| Dandelion greens | Canned tomato products with salt |
| Mustard greens | Salted vegetable juices |
| Rutabaga |
Miscellaneous Exchange List
Recommended
Homemade unsalted soups & broths
Low-sodium catsup
Low sodium mustard
Low-sodium chili sauce
Black pepper - ground & other spices
Avoid
| Cream sauces | Chili sauce |
| Gravies | Barbecue sauce |
| Soy sauce | Monosodium glutamate (MSG) |
| Mustard | Prepared or frozen entrees |
| Catsup | Commercial soups and broths |
Note: Include 6-8 cups of fluids, such as water, per day.
References
Alpers, D.H., R.E. Clouse & W.F. Stenson. 1983. Manual of Nutritional Therapeutics. Little, Brown, and Company, Boston. 457 pp.
American Cancer Society. Facts on Prostate Cancer.
Chicago Dietetic Association and the South Suburban Dietetic Association of Cook and Will counties. 1981. Manual of Clinical Dietetics. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Iowa Dietetics Association. 1984. Simplified Diet Manual: with Meal Patterns, 5th ed. Iowa State University Press; Ames, Iowa. 108 pp.
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