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Honey

Safety and Toxicity

References

Schecbter R, Arnon SS. Botulism. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson textbook of pediatrics, 16th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2000:875-8.

Long SS. Infant botulism. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:707-10.

Arnon SS. Infant botulism. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of pediatric infectious disease, 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1998:1570-6.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism in the United States, 1899-1996. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism.pdf. Accessed February 20, 2002.

Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Anderson TE, Mitchell AA. Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States. JAMA 2002;287(3):337-44.

Arnon SS, Midura TF, Clay SA, Wood RM, Chin J. Infant botulism. JAMA 1977;237:1946-51.

Arnon S, Chin J, Damus K, et al. Honey exposure and infant botulism. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1978;27:249-55.

Gunn RA. Epidemiologic characteristics of infant botulism in the United States, 1975-1978. Rev Infec Dis 1979;1:642-5.

Arnon SS, Midura TF, Damus K, Thompson B, Wood RM, Chin J. Honey and other environmental risk factors for infant botulism. J Pediatr 1979;94:331-6.

Spika JS, Shaffer N, Hargrett-Bean N, Collin S, MacDonald KL, Blake PA. Risk factors for infant botulism in the United States. Am J Dis Child 1989;143:828-32.

Balslev T, Ostergaurd E, Madsen IK, Wandall DA. Infant botulism: the first culture confirmed Danish case. Neuropediatr 1997;28:287-8.

Mamaster P, Piper S, Schell D, Gillis J, Chong A. A taste of honey. J Paediatr Child Health 2000;36:596-7.

Fenicia L, Ferrini AM, Aureli P, Pocecco M. A case on infant botulism associated with honey feeding in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 1993;9:671-3.

Sugiyama H, Mills DC, Kuo L-JC. Number of clostridium botulinum spores in honey. J Food Protec 1978;41:848-50.

Kautter DA, Lilly T, Solomon HM, Lynt RK. Clostridium botulinum spores in infant foods: a survey. J Food Protec 1982;45:1028-9.

Shapiro RL, Hatheway C, Swerdlow DL. Botulism in the United States: a clinical and epidemiologic review. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:221-8.

Massachusetts Public Health Biologic Laboratories. Botulism immune globulin intravenous package insert. Boston, MA; 2000.

Arnon SS. Open-label administration of human botulism immune globulin. Available from http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ dcdc/InfantBot/openlbl.htm. Accessed June 10, 2002.

Arnon SS. Botulism as an intestinal toxemia. In: Blaser MJ, Smith PD, Ravdin JI, Greenberg HB, Guerrant RL, eds. Infections of the gastrointestinal tract, 1st ed.

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