Collagen Type II
Collagen Type II
Key Active Components:
Hydrolyzed Collagen Type II
contains highly efficacious and naturally occurring levels of
Hyaluronic Acid (HA-sometimes called hyaluronan), glucosamine sulfate,
depolymerized chondroitin sulfate (smaller molecules which means a
higher absorption rate to users), type II collagen protein, and
cartilage matrix glycoprotein.
Discussion:
Hylauronic Acid (HA) and Collagen are vital structural components of skin that
decline as we age, and are responsible for the skin's moisture,
suppleness, and elasticity.
Hydrolyzed Collagen Type II contains
the only hydrolyzed 100% pure sternum derived Collagen Type II
ingredient shown to be safe and effective. It provides low molecular
weight compounds, which are readily and easily absorbed into the
bloodstream. It has high levels of the "anti-aging" nutrient Hyaluronic
Acid.2,3 This powerful and research proven ingredient
contains key components like glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate which
can help support healthy skin and joint function to combat the
degenerative effects of aging.4, 5,6,7
Product Highlights/Bullets:
- Hydrolyzed and denatured (enzymatically modified) to low molecular weight compounds that increase bioavailability and absorption into bloodstream after an oral dose.4 Other native or undenatured products DO NOT have this high absorption rate due to their larger molecule size.
- Hydrolyzed collagen is so effective that the raw material has been awarded two United States Patents (US patent #6,025,327 and #6,323,319) for the treatment of connective tissue disorder, osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, joint defects, vascular disease, and cartilage injuries and for making type II collagen.1,4,8,9,10,11,12
- Supports healthy joint function by strengthening cartilage and the joint structure13
- May help promote joint cushioning
- May help support proper inflammatory function due to its chondroitin sulfate content.14
- Supports healthy skin function by increasing skin hydration.15
- May boost skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles by promoting skin repair and support.15
- May possibly support proper wound healing due to its potent hyaluronic acid content16
- May help improve the appearance of skin, hair, and nails because it naturally contains key "beauty" amino acids like hydroxyproline.4, 17, 18
Warning:
Pregnant and nursing women should consult a physician before using.
History/Background:
Hydrolyzed collagen products
have been on the market since 1997 and has been effectively used by
thousands of people since then. In the village of
Yuzurihara, Japan (also know as "village of long life"), there seems to
exist a population that has the longest age span in the world. Featured
on ABC television, this village had one common thread - maintenance of
Hyaluronic acid (HA) levels in their bodies. The people of this village
were living to old ages without wrinkles and common age-related
diseases. In fact, Bill Sardi, author of the book, "HA: How to Live
100 Years Without Growing Old" ,
discusses this very phenomenon.
HA has been studied by
scientists for over 40 years. It is a key component to many normal
bodily functions and has hundreds of research studies showing its value
in skin and joint health.
Joint Health:
There are 14 different types of collagen found in the body but only
type II is the most abundant in the joint matrix. Hydrolyzed Collagen and its
components can have a powerful impact on joints and conditions
associated with abnormal joint function. One study19
published in 2000 entitled "Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and
joint disease", reviews how collagen can be a powerful tool in helping
with osteoarthritis and even osteoporosis. The researchers of this
study state "Its high level of safety (hydrolyzed collagen) makes it
attractive as an agent for long-term use in these chronic disorders."
Mechanism of action:
The components of Hydrolyzed Collagen Type II including chondroitin sulfate, Hyaluronic Acid, and
glucosamine sulfate can support proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
(GAG's) in the joint matrix thereby increasing synovial (joint) fluid
and supporting cartilage synthesis in the joints. This can enhance a
joint's shock absorption capabilities as well as lower the chance for
deterioration.
Hyaluronic Acid specifically is a key nutrient in joint health:
In a review by Moskowitz15 from Case Western Reserve University entitled "Hyaluronic acid
supplementation" and published in 2000, he states that "Hyaluronan
preparations have been shown to decrease pain and increase function in
patients with osteoarthritis of the knee."
Mechanism of action:
Hyaluronic Acid seems to work through several mechanisms of action including
restoration of more normal synovial fluid with improved
viscoelasticity, effects on cartilage biosynthesis and degradation,
anti-inflammatory effects, and direct analgesic effects.18
Skin Health:
Collagen is one of the most important substances required for the
proper functioning of skin. It provides structural support to the skin
thereby increasing elasticity and skin tone. Hyaluronic acid is also
present in skin tissue including both the dermis (interior) and
epidermis (exterior). It supports healthy skin function. In one study
published in the Journal of Cellular Physiology in 1998, Hyaluronic Acid was shown
to help proliferate healthy skin cells in a collagen matrix.17
Mechanism of action:
Hyaluronic Acid enhances skin moisture (hydration) and functions as a lubricant
between the collagen matrix of the skin. Since it is a component of the
skin structure and declines with age, supplementation can insure
adequate levels remain in the skin to support its healthy appearance
and function.
Wound Healing:
Hyaluronic acid has been shown to support wound healing, mainly as a
topical application. In a study entitled "The properties of hyaluronan
and its role in wound healing" published in 2001, Hyaluronic Acid is discussed as
having wound healing properties. It seems to work through its water
retaining properties.16
Nutrient Safety:
Shown to be very safe with no adverse effects. A very detailed acute oral
toxicity study conducted by Covance laboratories confirms its safety.20
Nutrient Interaction/Contraindication:
Based on the mechanism of action of this nutrient and its proven safety in research studies,10, 13 NO interactions or contraindications are known at this time.
FDA Information:
No claims can be made regarding hydrolyzed collagen's direct effects on
treatment of Osteoarthritis or other joint diseases. No claims can be
made regarding this ingredient and any other diseases it may heal or
help treat. A structure function claim with hyaluronic acid stating
that it "Promotes skin health" has been filed with the FDA. This
ingredient was filed with the FDA without comment as a new ingredient
in 2000.
Therapeutic Equivalents:
Undenatured or "native" collagen is another "me too/wanna be" type
product but it does not have the same powerful effects of Hydrolyzed (denatured) Collagen. In
fact, it is poorly absorbed due to its higher molecular weight. It also
does not have the same available hyaluronic acid content as hydrolyzed collagen
does. The doses of undenatured collagen Type II are very low and are
not nearly as efficacious as the dosages of products like CellRenew, from Applied Health Solutions.
References:
1. Alkayali, A. Biocell Technology, LLC. "Hydrolyzed collagen type II
and use thereof," US Patent # 6,025, 327. February 15, 2000.
2. Knauper et al. "Biochemical characterization of human collagenase-3," J. Biol. Chem. 271:1544-1550 (1996).
3. Bedi et al. "Purification and characterization of a
collagen-degrading protease from Porphyromonas ginivalis," J. Biol.
Chem. 269:599-606 (1994).
4. Alkayali, A. Biocell
Technology, LLC. "Method of making hydrolyzed collagen type II," US
Patent # 6,323,319. February 15, 2000.
5. M. Barinaga, "Treating Arthritis With Tolerance," Science 261:1669-1670 (1993).
6. M.A. Cremer, et al., "Collagen-Induced Arthritis In Rats:
Antigen-Specific Suppression of Arthritis and Immunity By Intravenously
Injected Native Type II Collagen," The Journal of Immun. 131(6):
2995-3000 (1983).
7. M.E. Englert, et al., "Suppression of
Type II Collagen-Induced Arthritis by the Intravenous Administration of
Type II Collagen or Its Constituent Peptide .alpha..sub.1 (II)
CB.sub.10, " Cellular Immunology 87:357-365 (1984).
8. L. Stryer, "Collagen Has An Unusual Amino Acid Composition And Sequence,"
Biochemistry, Third Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, p. 262
(1988).
9. D.E. Trentham, et al., "Autoimmunity to Type II
Collagen: An Experimental Model of Arthritis," The Journal of
Experimental Medicine 146:857-868 (1977).
10. D.E. Trentham, et al., "Effects of Oral Administration of Type II Collagen
on Rheumatoid Arthritis," Science 261:1727-1730 (1993).
11. Brucknet et al. `p-HMW-Collagen, a minor collgen obtained form
chick embryo cartilage without proteolytic treatment of the tissue`,
Eur. J. Biochem. 136 : 333-339 (1983).
12. Trentham et al.`Autoimmunity of Type II Collagen: An Experimental Model of Arthritis`,
J. of Exp. Medicine. 146 : 857-868 (1977).
13. Barnett, ML, et al., "Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with oral type II
collagen. Results of a multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled
trial," Arthritis Rheum 41 (2) : 290-297 (1998).
14. Ronca F, et al., "Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroitin sulfate,"
Osteoarthritis Cartilage suppl. 6 (A) : 14-21 (1998).
15. Moskowitz RW. "Hyaluronic acid supplementation," Curr Rheumatol Rep 2(6):466-71 (2000).
16. Anderson I. "The properties of hyaluronan and its role in wound healing," Prof Nurse 17(4):232-5 (2001).
17. Greco RM, et al., "Hyaluronic acid stimulates human fibroblast
proliferation within a collagen matrix," J Cell Physiol 177(3):465-73
(1998).
18. Ghersetich I., et al, "Hyaluronic acid in cutaneous intrinsic aging," Int J Dermatology 33 (2): 119-122 (1994).
19. Moskowitz RW. "Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and joint disease," Semin Arthritis Rheum 30(2):87- 99,(2000)
20. Glaza, SM, "Acute oral toxicity study of BioCell collagen II™ in rats," Covance Laboratories. November 16, 2001.
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