Hydroxyproline
Description
Hydroxyproline is a nonessential amino acid, which means it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does not have to be obtained directly through the diet.
Hydroxyproline is necessary for the construction of the body's major structural protein, collagen. Defects in collagen synthesis lead to easy bruising, internal bleeding, breakdown of connective tissue of the ligaments and tendons, and increased risk to blood vessel damage. Increased spill of hydroxyproline in the urine is generally associated with breakdown of connective tissue due to disease process and may also be a manifestation of vitamin C deficiency.
Deficiency of hydroxyproline will only occur if there is a deficiency of vitamin C.
Hydroxyproline has no known therapeutic use.
Recommended Dietary Allowances
An RDA has not been established for hydroxyproline because it is a nonessential amino acid.
Food Sources
Hydroxyproline is a nonessential amino acid, which means it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does not have to be obtained directly through the diet.
Method of Action
Hydroxyproline's immediate precursor is proline. The conversion of proline to hydroxyproline requires vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Vitamin C deficiency results in the poor conversion of proline to hydroxyproline.
References
De Ferrari, G., Garibotto, G., Robaudo, C., Ghiggeri, G. & Tizianello, A. Brain Metabolism of Amino Acids and Ammonia in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency. Kidney Int, 20:505, 1981.
Dubovsky, J., Dubovska, E., Pacovsky, V. & Hrba, J. Free and Peptide Hydroxyproline in Chronic Uremia. Clin. Chim. Acta., 19:387, 1968.
Koevoet, A.L. Plasma Hydroxyproline in Primary Hyperparathyroidism and in Chronic Uremia. Clin. Chim. Acta., 12:230, 1965.
Munro, H.N. & Crim, M.C. The Proteins and Amino Acids. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, eds. R.S. Goodhart & M.E. Shils, 6 ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1980.
Young, Meguid, Meredith, & Bier. Recent Developments in Knowledge of Human Amino Acid Requirements. Nitrogen Metabolism in Man. eds. J.C. Waterlow and Stephen. London: Applied Science Publishers, 1981.
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