Antituberculous
Generic and Trade Names:
| Aminosalicylate Sodium | P.A.S. Sodium, Teebacin | ||
| Cycloserine | Seromycin | ||
| Ethambutol | Myambutol | ||
| Ethionamide | Trecator-SC | ||
| Isoniazid | Laniazid, Nydrazid, INH | ||
| Pyrazinamide | Pyrazinamide | ||
| Rifampin | Rifadin, Rimactane | ||
| Streptomycin Sulfate | Streptomycin |
Description:
These agents are used to treat tuberculosis. They are grouped according to their effectiveness and possible toxicity into three groups. Antituberculous drugs act to inhibit the growth and reproduction of the tuberculosis bacteria or to kill the bacteria.
The antituberculous drugs include isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid). Isoniazid interferes with the tuberculosis organism's metabolism and eventually destroys it. Isoniazid use is associated with severe to fatal hepatitis. Para-aminosalicylic acid is a antituberculous agent that is used to stop the bacterial resistance associated with isoniazid and streptomycin.
Rifampin and ethionamide (Trecator-SC) are examples of other antituberculous agents.
Nutritional Considerations:
Ethambutol can deplete zinc and copper. (Solecki 1984)
Pyridoxine supplements may be needed to prevent peripheral neuropathy. (Pronsky 1999).
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), Vitamin D, Calcium and folic acid levels are lowered in the body when using Isoniazid or Cycloserine. (Brinker 1998)
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid deficiency is possible. (Facts and Comparions 1999)
Potassium levels may be raised when using Isoniazid, monitor levels. (Brinker 1998)
Avoid high tyramine or histamine foods. (Pronsky 1999)
Avoid alcohol. (Pronsky 1999)
Caution with diabetics, may increase glucose levels. (Pronsky 1999)
Vitamin D metabolism may also be affected and calcium absorption, along with it, increasing the risk of osteomalacia and rickets. (Pronsky 1999)
Niacin depletion is also possible. (Matsui 1982)
Herbal Considerations:
The component glycyrrhizin found in Licorice may be helpful in treating tuberculosis with isoniazid. (Aoki 1963)
Echinacea herb and root should not be used in diseases such as tuberculosis or autoimmune diseases. (Blumenthal 1998)
References
AMA: AMA Drug Evaluations. 1995.
Angel, J.E. 1983. Physicians Desk Reference. Medical Economics Company, Inc. Oradell, New Jersey.
Aoki K, Tokiwa T, Yamamoto T, Teramatsu T. Combined treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with glycyrrhizin and INH. Acta Tubercul Japon 1963;13:32-39.
Blumenthal, M (Ed.): The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. American Botanical Council. Austin, TX. 1998.
Brinker, F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Facts and Comparisons, Clinisphere 2.0, Wolters Kluwer Company, 1999.
Griffith, H. W. 1983. Complete Guide to Prescription and Non-Prescription. Fisher Publishing, Inc., Tucson.
Holt GA. Food & Drug Interactions. Chicago, Precept Press, 1998, 146-47.
Matsui MS, and Rozovski SJ. Drug Nutrient Interaction. Clin Ther. 1982 4(6):423-40.
Osol, Arthur. 1980. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvania.
Pronsky, Zaneta. Food Medication Interactions. 11th edition. 1999.
Rose, D.A.: Diet and Drug Interactions. Van Nostrand, NY, 1989.
Solecki TJ Aviv A and Bogden. Effect of a Chelating Drug on Balance and Tissue Distribution of Four Essential Metals. Toxicology, 1984 31(304):207-16.
Werbach MR. Foundations of Nutritional Medicine. Tarzana, CA: Third Line Press, 1997, 231-32 [review].
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