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Acerola
DESCRIPTION
Acerola, also known as the West Indian Cherry and Barbados Cherry, grows to a height of about 3 meters. As the fruit matures, it passes from green to yellow, and finally to the appearance of the European cherry. The fruit is rich in Vitamin C.
INDICATIONS
Acerola is used primarily for its Vitamin C content and free-radical scavenging abilities. Acerola has been used as a remedy against flus and colds, pulmonary disturbances, liver ailments and irregularities with the gall bladder. Used in heavy doses it has beneficial effects on viral hepatitis and varicella, as well as poliomyelitis. Acerola is rich in anti-oxidant activity, which may be due in part to its high Vitamin C content.
CHARACTERISTICS
Acerola is rich in Vitamin C as well as carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, proteins, and mineral salts, principally iron, calcium, and phosphorus.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
1-5 gms/day
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Product: | dry extract of acerola fruit |
| Type | standard |
| Quality | fiber free |
| Volumetric fluidity | 500-700 g/l |
| Color | yellowish to orange (According to the ripening of the fruit) |
| Taste | acid, characteristic |
| Solubility (5 g/20 ml water) | Flocculent mixture |
| Loss on drying: | 5% max |
| pH (10% solution) | 2.5-3.5 |
| Acidity (in citric acid) | 8-12% |
| Vitamin C | 26.5 % |
Microbiological Specifications (Pharm. Acta. Helv. 51(3):33-40. 1976)
| Gram negatives | absent |
| Escherichia coli | absent |
| Staphylococcus aureau | absent |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | absent |
| Salmonella sp. | absent |
Beta Carotene
DESCRIPTION
Beta Carotene (or pro Vitamin A) is the compound which colors vegetables yellow or orange. Beta Carotene is purified from carrots, Dunelliala salina algae, and other sources.
INDICATIONS
Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, Cataracts, and many other chronic degenerative diseases have been linked to free-radical damage. Numerous epidemiological studies and clinical trials have shown that people who consume high quantities of Beta Carotene have a lowered incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Beta Carotene (or pro Vitamin A) is the compound which colors vegetables yellow or orange. Beta Carotene, one of over 400 identified carotenes, protects plants from oxidative damage during photosynthesis. Beta Carotene consists of two molecules of Vitamin A linked to each other. The body converts Beta Carotene into Vitamin A as needed. This conversion is inhibited in diabetics.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
Beta Carotene acts as an anti-oxidant, trapping and neutralizing singlet oxygen molecules and other free-radicals, which can damage the body's cellular membranes, lipids, proteins, and vitamins. In addition, Beta Carotene enhances the immune system by stimulating the activity of interferon.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No toxicity known. The body only uses Beta Carotene as needed. Excess consumption will lead to a harmless yellowish/orange tint to the skin.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
15-45 mg of Beta Carotene/day (25,000-75,000 IU)
SAMPLE ANALYSIS (OF A SOLVENT-EXTRACTED CARROT OIL SOURCE)
| Appearance | orange viscous oil |
| Color | orange in concentrated form, yellow in diluted form |
| Flavor | virtually none |
| Provitamin A (B-Carotene) | min. 30 % w/w 480,000 IU/g |
| Solubility | readily soluble in oil |
| Diluent | soybean oil |
| Preservative allowed | mixed tocopherols |
| Hexane residual | 25 ppm maximum |
| Storage | in a cool place protected from light |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Burton, G. and Ingold, K. (1984) Beta Carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Science 224: 569-73.
Alexander, M, Newmark, H and Miler, R. (1985) Oral Beta Carotene can increase the number of OKT4+ cells in human blood. Immunology Letters 9: 221-4.
Black Currant Seed Oil
DESCRIPTION
Black Currant Seed Oil
INDICATIONS
Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of GLA for a wide variety of disorders, including Atherosclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Eczema, Multiple Sclerosis, and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
BIOCHEMISTRY
Black Currant Seed Oil is a rich source of gamma linolenic acid (GLA), an Omega-6 essential fatty acid. GLA is normally synthesized in the liver from dietary linoleic acid (LA). This reaction, however, is frequently deficient in people because of interference by disease, stress, sugar, saturated fats, and trans-fatty acids (e.g. margarine). In addition, the conversion requires Vitamins B-3, B-6, and C, as well as the minerals magnesium, zinc, and copper. Any deficiencies of these nutrients may affect the conversion.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
GLA is part of the Omega 6 series of essential fatty acids and is the critical precursor to series 1 prostaglandins and other hormones in the body. The PGE1 series prostaglandins, along with the PGE3 series, protect the body against the deleterious effects of PGE2 series prostaglandins, such as high blood pressure, sticky platelets, inflammation, water retention, and lowered immune function. The series 2 prostaglandins are made from arachidonic acid, which is derived from consumption of animal products.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity is associated with Black Currant Seed Oil. Excess consumption can result in oily skin, an indication to decrease dosage.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
100-1000 mg/day GLA
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Specifications: | clear transparent edible oil 5 Oval Softgel |
| Color | light yellow |
| Fatty Acid Composition | STANDARD | ACTUAL | |
| Palmitic(16:0) | 8-9 % | 22 mg | |
| Palmitoleic | 0.2-0.6% | ||
| Stearic(18:0) | 1.5-2% | 6 mg | |
| Oleic (18:1) | 12-13 % | 33 mg | |
| Linoleic (18:2) | 36-39 % | 124 mg | |
| Alpha linolenic(18:3, ALA) | 16-17 % | 30 mg | |
| Gamma linolenic (18:3,GLA) | 18-20 % | 47 mg | |
| Other acids | 8 mg | ||
| Water/ml | 0.90-0.93 | ||
| Acid Value | 0.70-0.95 % | 0.7% | |
| Peroxide Value | 1.00-3.50 mEq/kg | 0.4 mEq/kg |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Chapkin, R. and Carmichael, S. (1990) Effect of Dietary Black Currant Seed Oil on Macrophage Subclasses of Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospho Lipids. J. Nutr.
Miller, C. and Zaboh, V. (1988) Gamma-Linolenic Acid-enriched diet alters cutaneous eicosanoids. Bioch and Biophy Res. Comm. Aug. 15:967-974.
Miller, C. et al. (1990) Oxidative metabolism of Dihomo-g-linolenic acid by guinea pig epidermis: Evidence of anti-inflammatory products. Prosta. 35(6).
Calcium Hydroxyl Apatite
DESCRIPTION
Calcium hydroxyl apatite is a highly bioavailable and absorbable form of calcium. Calcium hydroxyl apatite is preferrably derived from organically-raised, free-range beef.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
One of the major functions of calcium is the formation of bone and teeth, which occurs continuously throughout life. A deficiency of calcium and magnesium can lead to osteoporosis, or porous bones very susceptible to fractures. Calcium is also important in cardiovascular function. Calcium helps to regulate the heartbeat and maintain the proper pH in blood. Calcium is also important for muscle growth, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission. Moderate cases of calcium deficiency can lead to cramps, joint pains, heart palpitations, slow pulse rates, tooth decay, insomnia, impaired growth, and excessive irritability of nerves and muscles. Calcium acts as a natural tranquilizer and tends to help calm the nerves.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, found mainly in the bones and teeth. Critical biochemical functions such as blood clotting, nerve and muscle stimulation, immune cell activation, and parathyroid hormone function, however, require free calcium which involves only 1% of the body's calcium supply. Bone is a living tissue composed of a collagen matrix with mineral salts of phosphates of calcium. The calcium is mainly present in the form of hydroxyapatite.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
If calcium intakes are high, magnesium intake also needs to be high to avoid calcium accumulation in muscles, heart, and kidneys, resulting in kidney stones, from relative magnesium deficiency.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
800-1200 mg calcium/day.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Moisture | 2.6% w/w |
| Fat | 4.5% w/w |
| Arsenic | less then 0.4 ppm |
| Lead | less than 1.3 ppm |
| Mercury | 0.01 ppm |
| Calcium | 25.6% w/w |
| Phosphorus | 14.3% w/w |
| Calcium Hydroxyl Apatite | 64% + - 3% w/w |
| Microbiological assay: | |
| Total Aerobic Count | 500 /g |
| Coliforms | not detected |
| S. Aureus | not detected |
| C. Perfringens | not detected |
| Samonella | absent in 25 g |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Dunne, L. (1990) Nutriton Almanac. McGraw-Hill Publ. Co., NY.
Ganong, W. (1973) Review of Medical Physiology. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA.
Colostrum
DESCRIPTION
Colostrum is a pure, natural product, obtained by collecting and drying (under strict government regulated protocols) the milk obtained within the first 48 hours after birth of a calf (within the first 6 hours, or at least the first 24 hours, is preferable). Colostrum is made during the last two months of pregnancy, during which time the cow stops lactating and initiates the biochemical processes which result in the super concentrated nectar for the new animal to which it is about to give birth. The cow produces more than required, and it is this overflow that is used.
Note: Colostrum has many more components than whey concentrate, which is often sold as colostral whey - a misnomer.
INDICATIONS
To supplement the diet and be assured of receiving the factors provided by Colostrum.
BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY
Colostrum is rich in protein, specifically immune proteins classed as immunoglobulins (IGG, IGA IGM), which provide the newborn, or those using colostrum, with these basic components of the immune system. In the case of the newborn, their immune system is not yet fully functioning and colostrum sourced antibodies are essentially required to "kick start" their immune systems to ward off and defend against infections/antigens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.). The implication for individuals experiencing the effects of a compromised immune system is that colostrum would be a logical whole food supplement. Additionally, there are many vitamins in high concentrations along with rich sources of minerals in easy to assimilate forms. Recent research has demonstrated the existence of TGF-1 (insulin like growth factor) which is of interest to the atheletic and body-building field. Colostrum also contains a small molecular weight moiety called transfer factor (immune inducer) which is a messenger to the immune system preparing it for defense against specific antigens. This can be a very promising way to offer health benefits through an oral supplement, as it is small enough to be absorbed through the digestive system. The "ProBiotic" functions of colostrum are well researched, and effectivenesss against various G.I. problems (diarrhea, etc.) is well established.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
DIRECTIONS
500 mg. to 1,000 mg. daily to establish desired levels, and the same amount twice weekly for maintenance. Supplementation can be in a protein powder drink, capsule, tablet, or chewable tablet, depending on preference. The probiotic functions can be combined with synergistic organisms such as bifidus, for a dual approach to normalizing the bowel environment.
| SAMPLE ANALYSIS | As Is | Dry Matter |
| Moisture | 2.39% | |
| Total Protein | 63.21% | 64.75% |
| Calc. Digestible Protein | 49.72% | 50.94% |
| Crude Fat | 14.76% | 15.12% |
| Acid Detergent Fiber | 0.66% | 0.67% |
| Ash | 4.85% | 4.97% |
| Nitrogen free extract | 14.47% | 14.82% |
| Total Digestible Nutrients | 111.47% | 114.20% |
| Digestible energy (M cal/lb.) | 2.23% | 2.28% |
| Metabolizable energy(M cal/lb.) | 2.05% | 2.10% |
| NE (lactation) (M cal/lb.) | 1.19% | 1.22% |
| NE (maintenance) (M cal/lb.) | 1.54% | 1.58% |
| NE (gain) (M cal/lb.) | 0.82% | 0.84% |
| pH | 5.4 | |
| Nitrate as KNO3 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Fish Marine Lipids
DESCRIPTION
Fish marine lipids is a clear edible fish oil (triglyceride) produced from the body of the fish, rather than the liver.
INDICATIONS
Numerous studies have shown that Omega 3 fatty acids help lower cholesterol and blood triglycerides, and help prevent clots in arteries which may result in strokes, heart attacks and thromboses.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Fish lipids provide an ideal and natural source of the essential Omega-3 fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid), as well as preformed EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), and DPA (Docosapentaenoic acid). Omega-3 fatty acids from vegetable sources such as flax seed oil still need to be converted to EPA and DHA.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
EPA is the precursor to the series 3 prostaglandins (PGE 3), which are critical hormones regulating cell activities. The PGE 3 series prostaglandins, along with the PGE 1 series prostaglandins, protect the body against the deleterious effects of PGE 2 series prostaglandins, such as high blood pressure, sticky platelets, inflammation, water retention, and lowered immune function. The series 2 prostaglandins are made from arachidonic acid, which is derived from consumption of animal products. DHA is important for the normal functioning of the brain, nerves, adrenal gland, and sperm, as well as for proper vision and hearing.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
None known.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
150-450 mg EPA/day; 30-90 mg DHA/day; (1-3 capsules/day).
| SAMPLE ANALYSIS: | Marine Lipids | |
| Description: | Clear, edible triglyceride, fish oil | |
| EPA | 18% | |
| DHA | 12% | |
| Spec. Gr. at 20 oC | 0.925 | |
| Regr. Index at 20 oC | 1.48 | |
| Color Gardner | 3/5 | |
| Acid Value | 0.2 | |
| Iodine Value | 188 | |
| Unsap Matter | 1.85 | |
| Peroxide Value | <5.0 MeQ/g | |
| Free Fatty Acid | <1.0 % | |
| Mercury | <0.02 PPM | |
| Selenium | <0.02 PPM | |
| Lead | <0.01 PPM | |
| Vitamin E content | 0.8-1.0 % | |
| Cholesterol | less than 0.01 % |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Pritchard, G. et al. (1989) Melanoma growth in vivo is inhibited by dietary intake of primrose oil and fish oil. (abstract) Br J Surg. 75(6):612.3.
Germanium
DESCRIPTION
100% pure bis beta carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide (also known as Ge-132, and as organic germanium) is an oxygen-rich organic form of the semi-conducting trace mineral germanium. Organic germanium traces have been found in health foods such as Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), and appear to be associated with free radical scavenging and improved oxygen utilization.
INDICATIONS
Medical research studies have indicated Ge-132 has immunomodulating properties and may also function as a free-radical scavenger. Germanium appears to be a natural regulator of homeostasis.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
Ge-132 has been found in high quantities in garlic, Siberian ginseng and other medicinal plants. Medical research conducted in Japan has found Ge-132 can induce gamma-interferon and activate macrophages and natural killer cells. Other results were reported showing beneficial effects on malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
Found to be non-toxic even at high oral doses. 100% pure bis beta carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide appears to be safe. However, it is easily contaminated with highly toxic germanium dioxide, especially if used as the source material for manufacture. Each batch must be assayed for composition and purity, and warranted free of potentially toxic germanium dioxide and acrilonitrile. Subjecting at least selected batches to the highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging technique can add a greater measure of assurance of safety. Germanium dioxide has been associated with kidney failures.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
10 to 100 mg/day
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Appearance | white crystalline, free flowing powder |
| Solubility in water | passes |
| Infrared spectrum | conforms |
| Loss on drying | .80% |
| Titration | 100.0% |
| Germanium | 42.58% |
| pH | 2.4 |
| Lead | < .1 ppm |
| Mercury | < .1 ppm |
| Cadmium | < .1 ppm |
| Nitrogen | < .1 ppm |
| NMR Spectrum | conforms |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Tsutui, M. et al. (1976) Crystal structure of carboxygermanium sesquioxide. J. Am. Che. Soc. 98:8287-8289.
Mizushima, Y. et al. (1980) Restoration of impaired immunoresponse by germanium. Int. Arch. Allergy. Appl. Immunol. 63:338-339.
Satoh, H. and Iwaguchi, T. (1979) Antitumor activity of new novel organogermanium compound, Ge-132. Cancer Chemother. 6:79-83.
Kidd, P. (1987) Ge-132: Research breakthrough from the Orient. Health Foods Business/July: 48B-48N.)
Green Lipped Mussel
DESCRIPTION
Green Lipped Mussels are harvested from unpolluted New Zealand sea waters and processed in their pure, natural and raw state, producing high quality material uncontaminated by bacteria, toxins, or heavy metals. The mussels are freeze dried to protect the mucopolysaccharides and superoxide dismutase enzymes.
INDICATIONS
Inflammatory diseases are characterized by an excess of free radicals with their associated damage, and by changes in mucopolysaccharide content in the structural components of the body, such as the joints, skin, bones, and the intestinal endothelium. A clinical trial showed Green Lipped Mussels can be an effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Green Lipped Mussels are a highly nutritious source of proteins, vitamins, and trace minerals. In addition, green lipped mussels are an important source of mucopolysaccharides and the free-radical scavenging enzyme, superoxide dismutase, or SOD.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
Mucopolysaccharides (MPs) are critical components of the body, maintaining its structural integrity. The content of MPS changes in the body when inflammatory diseases are present such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, bursitis, gastritis, colitis, eczema, and emphysema. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important anti-oxidant enzyme which detoxifies superoxides and other free radicals which can damage tissues and membranes.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity is associated with the consumption of Green Lipped Mussels.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
500-1500 mg/day; 1-3 capsules/day
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Super Oxide Dismutase | 1238 units / g |
| Protein | 55% |
| Carbohydrates | 20% |
| Ash | 19% |
| Fat | 03% |
| Moisture | 03% |
| Chloride | 4.7% |
| Sodium | 3.5% |
| Magnesium | 2.1% |
| Calcium | 0.93% |
| Sulfur | 0.92% |
| Phosphorous | 0.82% |
| Potassium | 0.81% |
| Iron | 0.076% |
| Zinc | 0.007% |
| Manganese | 17.0 ppm |
| Iodine | 10.0 |
| Chromium | 8.5% |
| Nickel | 7.0% |
| Copper | 6.5% |
| Cobalt | 6.0% |
| Fluoride | 3.8% |
| Selenium | 1.0% |
| Glutamic Acid | 9.31% |
| Aspartic Acid | 6.53% |
| Glycine | 5.28% |
| Leucine | 4.41% |
| Lysine | 4.32% |
| Alanine | 3.23% |
| Serine | 2.89% |
| Valine | 2.82% |
| Isoleucine | 2.76% |
| Threonine | 2.75% |
| Proline | 2.39% |
| Phenylalanine | 2.18% |
| Tyrosine | 1.82% |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Facts and Comparisons. The Lawrence Review of Natural Products. Apr, 1997.
Gibson, R. et al. (1980) Perna canaliculus in the treatment of arthritis. Practitioner. 224(1347): 955-960.
Miller, T et al., NZMJ, 1984, 97(757):355-357.
Morrison, L. et al. (1965) Growth stimulating effects of acid mucopolysaccharides. Proc Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 118:770-2.
Prudden, J.F. et al. (1970) The discovery of a potent pure chemical wound healing accelerator. Amer J. Surg. 119:560.
Medium Chain Triglycerides
DESCRIPTION
Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) is a highly purified triglyceride oil from the same supply used to feed infants with fat malabsorption syndrome (cystic fibrosis) and to supply long-term intravenous solutions.
INDICATIONS
MCT is used for active lifestyles, high performance athletes, and weight loss. It can be substituted for traditional cooking fats in baked goods, salad dressings, and marinades.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
MCT oil is quickly absorbed and available as an energy source to all organs and muscles. It "burns" better than long-chain triglycerides, and is less likely to be converted into fat stores. Top athletes have used MCT to increase their performance, and for a rapidly available yet sustained energy supply.
BIOCHEMISTRY
The MCT oil contains a blend of medium length fatty acid chains with 8, 10, and 12 carbons randomly attached to the glycerol moiety. It is related to Caprylic Acid.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity. MCT oil can cause gastrointestinal cramping and diarrhea if consumed initially in large doses. This may be due to triggering a sudden Candida albicans die-off. Consult your physician if you have heart disease, liver disease, atherosclerosis, or hypercholesterolemia. Not for children.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
Incorporate MCT oil slowly into the diet. Start with a half teaspoon or one capsule after a meal, and work up gradually, backing off if there is digestive upset. Some athletes use as much as 30 to 50 grams per day; this amount is for multi-hour, intense, daily workouts, which ensure that it is used for fuel, not converted to fat or excreted.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Appearance | Crystal Clear Liquid |
| APHA Color | 60 |
| Lovivond Color | .2 R1Y |
| Hydroxyl Number | 5.7 |
| Saponification No. | 340.4 |
| BLC Results | |
| Caproci | 3.5 |
| Caprylic | 65.4 |
| Capric | 30.8 |
| Lauric & Higher | 0.3% |
| Quality Characteristics | |
| Acid Value | Less than 1 |
| Peroxide Value | Less than 1 |
| Unsaponifiables | Less than 0.5% |
| Pesticides | Not detected |
| Herbicides | Not detected |
| Trans Fatty Acids | Not detected |
N. N-Dimethylglycine
DESCRIPTION
N. N-Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a non-fuel nutrient which enhances physical performance in many individuals, and can help to prevent or assist in treating a variety of health conditions. Found in small concentrations in plants (especially cereal grains, nuts, seeds) and animals, DMG is a component of our diet and metabolism. However, the DMG in food is often destroyed or removed as a result of current food processing techniques.
INDICATIONS
DMG is especially useful in situations involving physical stress, such as athletics, where optimal physical performance is important. In addition, DMG has applications for individuals under mental and emotional stress, and as a preventive and possible treatment agent for some conditions (such as infections) which are influenced by the competence of the immune system.
BIOCHEMISTRY
DMG is a tertiary amino acid which studies have shown improves cellular oxygen utilization, reduces lactic acid buildup, and enhances the immune system. As a metabolic enhancer, DMG increases oxygen utilization, especially when engaged in strenuous exercise. DMG also reduces the muscle-fatiguing effects of strenuous activity and reduces the recovery period. Studies indicate DMG enhances both humoral (antibody-related) and cellular immune responses in humans. These features of DMG make it effective in coping with stress, and indicate it as a preventive and possible treatment agent in addressing intracellular infections, certain tumors and some other conditions which are influenced significantly by immune system competence.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
DMG is considered to be non-toxic and there are no known contraindications.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
20 mg per kg of body weight
Once a day
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| TESTS | SPECIFICATIONS | RESULTS |
| Description | White crystalline powder; odourless | Complies |
| Identification | IR: Similar to standard (KBr) | Positive |
| Solubility | Soluble in water (10%) | Complies |
| Melting Point | 190 o - 194 o Centigrade | 190-192 o C. |
| Moisture | Max. 1.0 % (KF) | 0.13 % |
| Sulphated Ash | Max. 0.1 % | 0.01 % |
| Heavy Metals | Max. 20 ppm | < 20 ppm |
| Impurities (TLC) | Total: Max. 1.0 % | < 1.0 % |
| HCl Content | 25.6 % - 26.4 % | 26.0 % |
| Assay | 98.0 % - 101.0 % (dried subst.) | 100.8 % |
| Shelf Life | 5 Years from date of manufacture | N/A |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Graber, C. et al. (1981) Immunomodulating Properties of Dimethylglycine in Humans. Jour. of Infect. Dis. 143(1): 101-104
Levine, S. et al. (1982) Effect of a Nutritional Supplement containing N.N-Dimethylglycine (DMG) on the Racing Standardbred. Equine Practice 4(3).
Pandey, J. et al. (1979) Association between immunoglobulin allotypes and immune response to Haemophilus influenza and meningoccus polysaccharides. Lancet 1: 190-192.
Octacosanol
DESCRIPTION
Octacosanol is the principle sterol of wheat germ oil, responsible for many of the reported beneficial effects. Octacosanol is manufactured from the unsaponifiable fraction of wheat germ oil.
INDICATIONS
Octacosanol has been used to increase stamina and improve strength and reaction time in top athletes.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
Octacosanol is a 28-carbon waxy alcohol, related to Vitamin E. Octacosanol has been reported to have beneficial effects on the physiological response to exercise. Octacosanol has also been demonstrated to improve strength, stamina, and reaction time. Wheat germ, the usual source of octacosanol, also contains essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and important B vitamins.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
2-10 mg/day octacosanol
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Specifications | Octacosanol |
| Appearance | granular powder |
| Color | buff-colored |
| Moisture | NMT 1.5 % |
| Aerobic Plate count | NMT 10,000/g |
| Salmonella | Negative |
| E. coli | < 0.3/g |
ANALYSIS
| Octacosanol | 20 mg/gm |
| Triacontanol | 25.4 mg/gm |
| Tetracosanol | 10 mg/gm |
| Hexacosanol | 5 mg/gm |
| Carbohydrate | 36.04 % |
| Fat | 0.54 % |
| Fiber | 3.1 % |
| Protein | 18.6 % |
Amino Acid content per 100 grams of pure protein:
| Arginine | 3.7 mg | |
| Cystine | 1.1 mg | |
| Histidine | 1.1 mg | |
| Isoleucine | 3.1 mg | |
| Leucine | 5.6 mg | |
| Lysine | 3.9 mg | |
| Methionine | 1.3 mg | |
| Phenylalanine | 3.2 mg | |
| Threonine | 3.5 mg | |
| Tryptophane | 0.91 mg | |
| Valine | 4.8 mg |
Vitamin values per 100 gms
| Thiamin | 1.23 mg |
| Riboflavin | 0.42 mg |
| Niacin | 5.28 mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 0.96 mg |
| Pantothenic | 0.93 mg |
| Choline | 118.8 mg |
| Inositol | 309.6 mg |
Potassium Glycerophosphate
DESCRIPTION
Potassium Glycerophosphate is produced by the painstaking and exacting process of phosphorylating potassium, resulting in potassium organically bound to glycerophosphate. Potassium Glycerophosphate is easily added to other liquids and is ideal for herbal tonics. The glycerol part helps act as a natural solvent whenever herbal complexes are dissolved, helping prevent their precipitation out of solution.
INDICATIONS
Potassium Glycerophosphate is an easily absorbed, bioavailable, potassium supplement. Currently used in some of the most popular 'energy' tonics, it supplies potassium in a form which easily penetrates cells walls. The glycerol portion has natural humectant (moisturizing) properties, which makes the product ideal for addition to baked goods, cookies, food bars, etc., for a moist texture. The potassium content helps give a non-sodium salty taste with potassium enrichment. Potassium phosphate is a laxative while potassium glycerophosphate is not.
PHYSIOLOGY
Potassium is vital for health, energy, and intelligence. The brain and nervous system cannot function properly without sufficient potassium stores. Potassium Glycerophosphate is one of the most absorbable and bioavailable forms of potassium available.
BIOCHEMISTY
Potassium Glycerophosphate is a di-potassium compound (C3H7O6PK2-3H20) supplied as a 75% water solution. Alpha-glycerophosphate is an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism, in the energy-producing mitochondria.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
IDENTIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS FOR POWDER
| Appearance | light yellow powder |
| Diluent | rice flour |
| Molecular weight | 302.3 |
| Assay: Potassium | 10.3 % (9.8-10.8 %) |
| Glycerophosphoric acid: | 29.7 % (28.2-31 %) |
| Moisture Content | 10 % (9-12 %) (7 % of which is crystalline water) |
HEAVY METAL SPECIFICATIONS
| Pb: | < 5 ppm |
| Cd: | < 5 ppm |
| As: | < 1 ppm |
MICROBIOLOGICAL
| E. coli: | NEG |
| Salmonella: | NEG |
Shark Cartilage
DESCRIPTION
The skeleton of sharks is almost entirely comprised of cartilage. Shark's fin, considered a delicacy in Asian countries, is consumed because of its purported ability to promote health, retard aging, and prevent disease. Shark cartilage is obtained from sharks caught for food purposes only.
INDICATIONS
Inflammatory and dermal disease: rheumatoid arthritis, hemorrhoids, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, puritanis ani, acute skin allergies, osteoarthritis, cancer, free radical exposure and damage.
PHYSIOLOGY
Sharks are known for their powerful immune systems. They are resistant to cancer, even when exposed to potent cancer causing chemicals. One agent which may be responsible for this incredible immunity is the presence in shark cartilage of an anti-angiogenesis substance, which inhibits the growth of new blood vessels. Cartilage is the tough elastic connective tissue found in and between the bones of mammals. The entire skeleton of sharks is made of cartilage. Many medical conditions and diseases such as arthritis, psoriasis, and cancer require blood supply and new blood vessels in order to continue. A protein substance was extracted from shark cartilage with anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor effects. This ability to block the growth of new blood vessels could be a major breakthrough in the treatment of a variety of diseases.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Shark cartilage is rich in gycosaminoglycans, or mucopolysaccharides, large macromolecules which are found in all our joints, blood vessels and organs. In addition, shark cartilage is very low in fat content and thus does not require harsh organic solvent extractions to remove the fat, as does chondroitin sulfate.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity. Shark cartilage should not be taken by small children, pregnant or nursing women, or people who have recently had a heart attack or surgery, unless instructed by a physician. Some people may experience nausea when taking large doses.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
3000-5000 mg/day, away from food unless experiencing stomach upset.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS (different sources vary considerably)
| Description: | Shark Cartilage Powder | |
| Appearance | light ivory | |
| Odor | characteristic | |
| Form | free flowing powder | |
| Hyaluronic Acid | 1-1.5 % | |
| Chondroitin Sulfates | A, B & C | 1-1.5 % |
| Fat | 0.1-0.3 % | |
| Protein | 26 % | |
| Carbohydrate | 7.1-7.8 % | |
| Calcium | 13.0-17.0 % | |
| Phosphorus | 8.0-10.0 % | |
| Hexosamine | 7.95 % | |
| Hydroxyproline | 5.97 % | |
| Uronic solids | 10.19 % | |
| Total solids | 6.19 % | |
| pH (50%) | 6.0-6.5 | |
| Moisture | 7.5-8.5 % | |
| Loss on drying | 4.46 % | |
| Residue on Ignition | 3.90 % | |
| Nitrogen | 13-15.5 % | |
| Total solids | 95 % min | |
| Ash | 8-10 % max | |
| Heavy Metals | 20 ppm Max | |
| Arsenic | (2 ppm Max) | |
| Aerobic plate count | < 1000/gm | |
| Gram negative rods | negative | |
| Gram positive cocci | negative for Staph aureus |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Folkman, J. and Klagsbrun, M. (1987) Science 235:442-447.
Langer, R. and Lee, A. (1983) Science Sept. 16:1185-1187.
Weiss and Brown. (1988) Annals in Rheumatic Diseases. 47:881-885.
Shark Liver Oil
DESCRIPTION
Shark Liver Oil is obtained from sharks caught for food purposes only, living in cold, deep oceans. The liver oil from sharks has been used by fishermen for centuries as a folk remedy for general debility, for healing wounds, sores, irritations of the respiratory tract and the alimentary canal, and for lymph node swelling. Shark Liver Oil from Greenland is rich in alkylglycerols, which are naturally found in mother's milk and in bone marrow. Shark Liver Oil from Alaska is especially rich in Vitamins A and D and in essential Omega-3 fatty acids.
PHYSIOLOGY
Shark Liver Oil has been studied extensively in Sweden. Alkylglycerols are involved in the production of white blood cells. Shark Liver Oil was found to stimulate the body's immune system, increasing antibodies, leukocytes and thrombocytes. In particular, shark liver oil was found to increase the survival rate of cervical cancer patients and reduce radiation-induced injuries of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Recent research has also shown alkyglyerols have antibiotic and anti-fungal effects, can speed up the healing of wounds, and can increase the excretion of mercury.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Greenland Shark Liver Oil contains the highest level of alkylglyerols found in nature. Alkylglycerols are found naturally in bone marrow, liver, spleen, and human breast milk. The active ingredients are predominantly esters of selachyl-, chimyl-, and batyl-alcohol, and methoxy-substituted compounds of glycerol. There are 16 known alkylglycerols. Shark liver oil is also a highly concentrated source of pre-formed Vitamin A -- so much so that large amounts can be toxic.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRA-INDICATIONS
No known toxicity for alkylglycerols, but excessive Vitamin A is toxic. Pre-formed Vitamin A intake should be restricted to 10,000 IU per day for pregnant women, especially in the first trimester, and to 20,000 IU per day in most cases for other adults.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
50-300 mg alkylglycerols/day; 1-2 capsules 2-3 times daily. Vitamin A should be limited to 20,000 IU per day; women who are or may become pregnant should limit Vitamin A intake to 10,000 IU per day or less.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Description | Clear golden yellow liquid |
| Odor and taste | fishy, but not rancid |
| Vitamin A | 30,000 to 36,000 IU per gram |
| Free fatty acid | Not more than 1.0 % |
| Moisture & impurities | Not more than 1.0% |
| Clear test | (Clear at 10x in 8 hrs: passed) |
| P.C.B. content | 170 to 187 |
| Iodine value | 125 to 155 |
| Unsaponifiable matter | Not more than 6.0% |
| Peroxide value | Not more than 10 m'eq/kg |
| Antioxidant | Negative |
| Heavy Metals | Not more than 10 ppm |
| Arsenic | (Not more than 0.3 ppm) |
| Mercury | (Not more than 0.5 ppm) |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Brohult, A., et al. (1986) Reduced mortality in cancer patients after administration of alkoxyglycerols. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 65:779-785.
Brohult, A. (1962) Alkoxyglycerols in radiation treatment. Nature 193:1304.
Hallgren, B. et al. (1978) Occurance, synthesis, and biological effect of methoxy-substituted glycerol ethers. Progress in Chemistry of Fats and other Lipids. 16:45.
Boeryd, B. et al. (1978) Stimulation of immune reactivity by methoxy-substituted glyerol ether incorporated into the feed. Eur. J. Immunol. 8:678-680.
Hallgren, B. and Larsson,S. (1962) The glycerol ethers in man and cow. J. Lipid Res. 3:31-38.
N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine
DESCRIPTION
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) is an amino-acid based complex found naturally in the body and in such common foods as milk. The major application of ALC supplementation is as a cognition enhancer.
INDICATIONS
Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ALC in treating Alzheimer's disease, mental impairment resulting from senile dementia, depression in the elderly, alcohol induced cognitive impairment, and cerebrovascular insufficiency. Also, ALC holds considerable promise as an anti-aging agent.
BIOCHEMISTRY
ALC is related to carnitine, a naturally occuring amino acid. In the human body, ALC is present naturally to transport fats into the mitochondria. Mitochondria serve to produce energy in the cells. It is thought ALC improves cognitive function through one or more of the following mechanisms: increasing neuronal metabolism, increasing the activity of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and dopamine, and improving cerebral blood flow. ALC also reduces the formation of the aging pigment, lipofuscin, which builds up in heart and nerve cells as a result of the aging process.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
ALC is considered to be very safe for most people. However, pregnant or nursing women should not take ALC.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
500 mg. to 1,000 mg. two times daily.
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Arrigo, A. et al. (1990) Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine reaction times in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. Int J Clin Pharm Res 10(1-2): 133-7
Barnes, C. et al. (1990) Acetyl-L-Carnitine: Effects on learning and memory performance on aged rats in simple and complex mazes. Neorobial Aging 11(5): 499-506
Dean, W. et al. Smart Drugs II. B & J Publications, Santa Cruz, CA
Barley Grass
DESCRIPTION
Barley Grass Powder is extracted from the organically-grown young leaves of barley by dehydrating the green juice of the leaves to a fine powder at room temperature, using a special patented spray-drying process.
BIOCHEMISTRY
An analysis by the Resource Research Association, Office of Science and Technology in Japan, shows the juice from young barley leaves is rich in vitamins (including beta carotene, B vitamins, and Vitamin C), minerals (potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and magnesium), chlorophyll, essential and non-essential amino acids, and various enzymes, including an anti-oxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD).
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
500 -1500 mg/day
BIO-ENHANCING AGENTS
Brown rice powder is often added to balance the extreme alkaline nature of barley and to increase the B Vitamin content. Green angelica leaf is also extremely high in chlorophyll and B Vitamins, including B 12, which is rarely found in plant form.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Water (10 mm Hg) | 1.3% |
| Protein (Nx6.25) | 11.5% |
| Fat (Soxhlet Extract) | 0.2% |
| Fiber | 5.9% |
| Ash | 4.4% |
| Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate | 76.7% |
| Phosphorus | 354mg /100g |
| Iron | 12.0mg/100g |
| Calcium | 406mg/100g |
| Sodium | 191mg/100g |
| Potassium | 1.04% |
| Magnesium | 46.4mg/100g |
| Carotene | 12.5mg/100g |
| Thiamin | 1.04mg/100g |
| Riboflavin | 1.55mg/100g |
| Total Ascorbic Acid | .86mg/100g |
| Tocopherol (by HPLC) | 12.9mg/100g |
| Chlorophyll | 247mg/100g |
Barley Beta-Glucans
DESCRIPTION
Soluble barley fiber containing 55% Beta-Glucans. Beta-Glucans are the soluble dietary fiber component of cereals, thought to have serum cholesterol reducing activity. The Beta-Glucans can be concentrated from barley by alcohol extraction.
INDICATIONS
Beta-Glucans have received a lot of media attention due to reports identifying them as the agent in oat bran and barley capable of reducing serum cholesterol, and stimulating the immune system (the (1-3)-Beta-Glucan). Beta-Glucans can be used in place of oat bran in nutritional supplements and food products. Beta-Glucans are also useful in cosmetics, in skin care products. The product is also useful wherever additional anti-oxidants are needed due to its content of tocotrienes. Soluble Beta-Glucans can also be used in weight loss formulas.
PHYSIOLOGY
Barley has been reported to reduce serum cholesterol in animals and humans. Soluble dietary fibers such as Beta-Glucans are important nutrients for the diet, to help maintain healthy levels of cholesterol in the blood.
BIOCHEMISTRY
(1-3)(1-4)-linked Beta-D-Glucan is a polysaccharide, or soluble fiber component, found in a variety of cereals. Beta-Glucans occur in highest amounts in the endosperm of barley and oats. Barley soluble fiber is also rich in tocotrienes, which are antioxidants related to Vitamin E.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
SUGGESTED USE
Up to 20 grams per day of Beta-Glucans, taken with or mixed into meals. The optimal level of fiber in the diet is 30 to 50 grams per day of mixed soluble and insoluble fibers for adults.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Description: | Barley Beta-Glucans | |
| Appearance | fine white powder | |
| Flavor | bland | |
| Solubility | Easily in water | |
| Polysaccharides | 70 % | |
| Beta Glucans | 55 % | |
| Oligosaccharides | 9 % | |
| Proteins | 8 % | |
| Moisture | 7% | |
| Ash | 6 % |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Wood, P. Physiochemical properties and technological and nutritional significance of cereal Beta-Glucans.
Beta-Sitosterol
DESCRIPTION
Vegetable-derived phytosterols, mainly Beta-Sitosterol, with campesterol and stigmasterol. Derived by a de-oiling process; a concentration of the unsaponifiables found in vegetable sources.
INDICATIONS
Diets calling for an above average intake of phytosterols including beta-sitosterol and campesterol. The material can be used in food supplements or in food preparations. Studies have shown beta-sitosterol lowers serum cholesterol levels. In addition, research has shown reduction in colon carcinogenesis in animals taking beta-sitosterol.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Chemically, phytosterols are vegetable analogues of cholesterol. Phytosterols are found in a variety of vegetables, including grains, nuts, seeds, and fruits.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
Research has shown phytosterols interfere with cholesterol absorption and thus prevent the rise in serum cholesterol. Clinical trials with humans showed eating phytosterols reduced serum cholesterol levels. Phytosterols may possibly also reduce serum cholesterol by inhibiting the intestinal reabsorption of circulating cholesterol.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
300 mg/day
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Specifications | Determined | |
| Phytosterols | 80-97 % | 958.2 mg/g |
| Beta-Sitosterol | 45-55 % | 558.1 mg/g |
| Campesterol | 20-30 % | 200.0 mg/g |
| Stigmasterol | 18-25 % | 200.1 mg/g |
| Appearance | Tan, powder, opaque, soap-like material |
| Odor | slight |
| BP | Not Determined |
| MP | 121 oC (250 oF) |
| Specific Gravity (h20=1): | <1 |
| Vapor Pressure | Not Determined |
| Percent Volatile by Volume: | Not Applicable |
| Vapor Density(Air=1) | Not Applicable |
| Evaporation Rate: | Not Applicable |
| Solubility in water: | Negligible |
| Flash Point | 231 oC (448 oF) |
| Autoignition Temperature | 247 oC (478 oF) |
| Flammable Limits | Not Determined |
| Extinguishing Agent | Water Spray, Dry Chemical, CO2, Foam |
| Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: | None known |
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
REFERENCES
Drexel, H. (1981) Lowering Plasma cholesterol with beta-sitosterol and diet. Lancet. May 23:1157.
Nair, P., et al. (1984) Diet, nutrition intake, and metabolism in populations at high and low risk for colon cancer. Dietary cholesterol, beta-sitosterol, and stigmasterol. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 40:927-930.
Mattson, F. et al. (1982) Optimizing the effect of plant sterols on cholesterol absorption in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 35:697-700.
Paul, S. (1986) Phytosterols: a natural approach to cholesterol control. Whole Foods Oct.:37-38
Borage Seed Oil
DESCRIPTION
The product is a translucent yellow edible oil produced from Borage seed (Borago officinalis). The oil is used in supplements, dietetic foods, and cosmetics (skin solutions, ointments, creams, and shampoos).
INDICATIONS
Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of GLA for a wide variety of disorders, including Atherosclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Eczema, Multiple Sclerosis, and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
BIOCHEMISTRY
Borage Oil naturally contains the highest quantity of the essential fatty acid, gamma linolenic acid (GLA), an Omega-6 essential fatty acid. GLA is normally synthesized in the liver from dietary linoleic acid (LA). This reaction, however is frequently deficient in many people because of interference by disease, stress, sugar, saturated fats, and trans-fatty acids (e.g. margarine). In addition, the conversion requires Vitamins B-3, B-6, and C, as well as the minerals magnesium, zinc, and copper. Any deficiencies of these nutrients may affect the conversion.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
GLA is part of the Omega 6 series of essential fatty acids and is the critical precursor to the Series 1 prostaglandins (PGE1) and other hormones in the body. The PGE1 series prostaglandins, along with the PGE3 series, protect the body against the deleterious effects of PGE2 series prostaglandins, such as high blood pressure, sticky platelets, inflamation, water retention, and lowered immune function. The series 2 prostaglandins are made from arachidonic acid, which is derived from consumption of excess animal products.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity associated with Borage Oil. Excess consumption can result in oily skin, an indication to decrease usage.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
500-3000 mg/day Borage Oil; 100-800 mg/day GLA
| Specifications: | transparent yellow oil | dry white powder |
| Fatty Acid Composition | Oil | Powder |
| Palmitic(16:0) | 10.2 % | 4-8 % |
| Palmitoleic | 0.3% | N/A |
| Stearic(18:0) | 3.3 % | N/A |
| Oleic (18:1) | 15.1 % | 8-12 % |
| Linoleic (18:2) | 38.0 % | 21-25 % |
| Gamma linolenic (18:3,GLA) | 24.2 % | 13-16 % |
| Eicosaenoic acid | 4 % | |
| Erucic acid | 2 % | |
| Water/ml | 0.90-0.93 | |
| Acid Value | 0.70-0.95 % | |
| Peroxide Value | 1.00-3.50 mEq/kg | |
| Solvent | not detected | |
| Arsenic | not detected | |
| Lead | not detected | |
| Mercury | not detected | |
| Standard plate count | less than 300/g | |
| Coliforms | none | |
| Agriculture chemicals | none |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Miller, C. and Zaboh, V. (1988) Gamma-linolenic Acid-enriched diet alters cutaneous eicosanoids. Bioche and Biophy Res. Comm. Aug. 15:967-974.
Miller, C. et al. (1990) Oxidative metabolism of Dihomo-g-linolenic acid by guinea pig epidermis: Evidence of anti-inflammatory products. Prosta. 35(6).
Chapkin, R. et al. (1988) Fatty acid composition of macrophage phospholipids in mice fed fish or borage oil. Lipids, 23(4)
Engler, M. Alcohol and polyunsaturated fatty acids: implications for cardiovascular disease. Comm. Nurs. Res. 23:75.
Chondroitin Sulfate
DESCRIPTION
Chondroitin Sulfates (CS) are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) which are found naturally in the body and are important in maintaining elasticity and integrity of many types of body tissues, including connective tissue and the walls of blood vessels.
INDICATIONS
Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of CS supplementation for the healing of connective and certain other tissues that have been injured or otherwise degraded through malnutition, aging or certain drugs and diseases. CS supplementation may also be indicated as a preventive or possible treatment agent for certain vascular conditions.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are a component of cartilage, which in turn is a component of connective tissue. Helping to give support and shape to tissues, cartilage is found in joints, between vertebrae and elsewhere. CS create a net electronegative charge, which attracts water. Hydration maintains the compressibility, elasticity and fluidity of joint movement characteristic of healthy cartilage. As a result of aging, the water content of cartilage decreases, causing problems in joint mobility. The integrity and function of cartilage can also be detrimentally affected by acute traumatic injury, arthritis, malnutition and other conditions. CS are also components of the walls of blood vessels. CS are important in maintaining vascular health. In addition, CS are known to activate lipoprotein lipase on capillary endothelial cells, which helps blood lipids to be metabolized.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
Chondroitin sulfate is considered to be safe and there are no known contra-indications.
Patients taking NSAID should consult with their physicians if they have a bleeding disorder, or are taking anticoagulant therapy (Warfarin). (Chavez, 1997) Chemicvally modified bovine chondroitin sulfate enhances anticoagulant activity. (Maruyama, 1998)
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
Two 300 mg. capsules taken three times per day for healing phase. One to three 300 mg. capsules one to three times daily as a maintenance dose. (Source: Biotics Research Corp.)
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Appearance | white powder, strong odor and flavor |
| Loss on drying | 3.7% |
| Solubility 5% | clear solution |
| Rotation | -22° |
| Sulphuric ashes | 26.7% |
| pH 1% | 6.2 |
| Heavy Metals | < 10 ppm |
| Sulphur | 5.7% |
| Microbiological specifications: | |
| Total count | < 300 CFU/g |
| E. Coli | neg. |
| Salmonella | neg. |
| s.aureus | neg. |
| p.aeruginosa | neg. |
| mold & yeast | < 5 CFU/g |
| Arsenic | < 2 ppm |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Burkhardt, H., et al. (1986) Oxygen radicals as effectors of cartilage destruction. Arth. Rheum. 29(3), 379-387.
Chang, RJ et al., How does warfarin affect the activated coagulation time? Am./ Heart J. 1998, 136(3):477-479.
Chavez, M: Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates. Hospital Pharmacy, 1997, 52(9): 1,275-1,285.
Cruess, R.L., ed. (1982) The Musculoskeletal System: Embryology, Biochemistry and Physiology. Churchstone Livingstone, NY.
Maruyama, T et al., Conformational changes and anticoagulant activity of chondroitin sulfate following O-sulfonation. Carbohydr. Res. 1998, 306(1-2):35-43.
Nelson, C.L., et al. (1984) The Aging Musculoskeletal System, Physiological and Pathological Problems. Collamore Press.
Evening Primrose Seed Oil
DESCRIPTION
Solvent-free, cold-pressed Evening Primrose Oil extracted from the seeds of the Evening Primrose plant.
INDICATIONS
Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of GLA for a wide variety of disorders, including Atherosclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Eczema, Multiple Sclerosis, and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
BIOCHEMISTRY
Evening Primrose Oil is the best known source of the essential fatty acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA). GLA is normally synthesized in the liver from dietary linoleic acid (LA). This reaction, however, is frequently deficient in many people because of interference by disease, stress, sugar, saturated fats, and trans-fatty acids (e.g. margarine). In addition, the conversion requires Vitamins B-3, B-6, and C, as well as the minerals magnesium, zinc, and copper. Any deficiencies of these nutrients may affect the conversion.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
GLA is part of the Omega 6 series of essential fatty acids, and is the critical precursor to the series 1 prostaglandins and other hormones in the body. The PGE1 series prostaglandins along with the PGE3 series protect the body against the deleterious effects of PGE2 series prostaglandins, such as high blood pressure, sticky platelets, inflammation, water retention, and lowered immune function. The series 2 prostaglandins are made from arachidonic acid, which is derived from consumption of animal products.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity associated with Evening Primrose Oil. Excess consumption can result in oily skin, an indication to decrease dosage.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
50-300 mg/day GLA (500-3000 mg per day Evening Primrose Oil)
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Specifications | clear transparent edible oil |
| Quality | Extracted crude oil |
| Color | light yellow |
| Fatty Acid Composition: | (9% GLA) | (10+% GLA) |
| Palmitic (16:0) | 7.6 % | 6.5 % |
| Palmitoleic (16:1) | 0.1% | 0.1 % |
| Stearic (18:0) | 2.4 % | 1.6 % |
| Oleic (18:1) | 11.2 % | 8.3 % |
| Linoleic (18:2) | 68.3 % | 72.1 % |
| Alpha linolenic (18:3, ALA) | 0.1 % | 0.1 % |
| Gamma linolenic (18:3w6,GLA) | 8.8 % | 10.5 % |
| Erucic (22:1) | 0.2 % | |
| Other acids | 0.5% | 0.5 % |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Arnold, L. et al. (1989) Gamma linolenic acid for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: placebo-controlled comparison to D-amphetamine. Biol. Psychiat. 25(2):222-8.
Beaudoin, A. et al (1989) Type of dietary lipids exerts a major influence on the secretory activity of the exocrine pancreas: medium-term studies. Panc. 4(4):418-422.
Behan, P. and Behan, W. (1990) Essential fatty acids in the treatmentof postviral fatigue syndrome. In: Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids: Pathophysiology and Roles in Clinical Medicine. Horrobin, D. ed. NY: Liss, pp 275-282.
Belch, J. (1990) Essential Fatty Acids and rheumatoid arthritis. In: Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids: Pathophysiology and Roles in Clinical Medicine. Horrobin, D., ed. NY: Liss, pp 223-237.
Pullon, S. et al. (1989) Treatment of premenstrual symptoms in Wellington women. N Z Med J. 102(862):72-74.
Pritchard, G. et al. (1989) Melanoma growth in vivo is inhibited by dietary intake of primrose oil and fish oil. (abstract) Br J Surg. 75(6):612.
Pritchar, G. et al. (1989) Lipids in breast carcinogenesis. Br J Surg Oct; 76:1069-73.
Sharpe, G. and Farr, P. (1990) Evening primrose oil and eczema (Letter). Lancet Mar 17; 335 (8690):667-668.
Takahashi, R. and Ito, H. (1988) Altered platelet arachidonic acid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: clinical application of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic neuropathy. J Jpn Diabetic Soc. Suppl;178-84.
Vaddadi, K. and Gilleard, C. (1989) A double blind trial of essential fatty acid supplementation on abnormal movements, psychiatric status and memory in patients with tardive dyskinesia. Psych Res. 27:313-23.
Fish Protein
DESCRIPTION
Fish Protein Powder provides a new source of protein to complement overused soy and other protein powders. The Fish protein is harvested from deep-sea fish in the pristine waters near Alaska. The powder can be added to a variety of food products to provide a healthy source of easily digestible protein. Bakery and pasta products are particularly amenable. The fish protein can be added to weight loss and protein supplements and can be used as powder capsule filler. In any area of the food chain where protein is a requirement for health and nutrition, as well as for all animal feed products, fish protein powder can be used as the protein base.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Description | Fish protein concentrate |
| Appearance | powder |
| Protein | 75.0% |
| Fat | 2.5 % |
| Moisture | 2.9% |
| Ash | 12.9 % |
| Carbohydrate | 6.7% |
Klamath Blue-Green Algae
DESCRIPTION
Klamath Blue Green Algae is wild, fresh-water algae, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, harvested from the pristine waters of Upper Klamath Lake located in the remote area of the southern Oregon Cascades. Extreme care is taken to harvest the blue green algae in such a way as not to disrupt the delicate ecosystem of the region and to preserve and protect this precious resource. The algae is harvested fresh from the lake on a daily basis and flash frozen to preserve all the vital nutrients intact and biologically active in a naturally balanced profile. The glycolipoprotein cell wall is disrupted during the freeze drying, making the cell contents available for rapid assimilation.
INDICATIONS
Klamath Blue-Green Algae provides balanced whole-food nutrition with its excellent source of essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids. Consumers have reported increased energy, decreased fatigue, elevated brain activity, improved memory and concentration, increased muscle mass and tone, and enhanced health.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Aphanizomenon is an ancient strain of cyanobacteria with an extremely high concentration of chlorophyll. Aphanizomenon contains large amounts of high quality protein, with a complete complement of essential amino acids. In addition, Blue-Green Algae contains a full spectrum of minerals and vitamins, including Vitamin B-12 and Beta Carotene.
BIOLOGY
Blue Green Alage is a Blue-Green Protista which grows prolifically during the summer months in the Upper Klamath Lake. The Lake is a freshwater lake fed by rivers and underground springs which provide a mineral rich nutrient reservoir for the algae.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No known toxicity.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
2-4 gms/day.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Description: | Blue-Green Algae, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae | |
| Appearance | green | |
| Odor | characteristic | |
| Form | Free flowing powder | |
| Protein | 60 % | |
| Carbohydrate | 22 % | |
| Lipid(fat) | 5 % | |
| Minerals (Ash) | 7 % | |
| Chlorophyll | 3 % | |
| Moisture | 3 % | |
| VITAMINS | Per 1 gm of algae | |
| Provitamin A (beta carotene) | 2400 IU | |
| Thiamine (B1) | 4.8 mcg | |
| Riboflavin (B2) | 57.3 mcg | |
| Pyridoxine (B6) | 11.1 mcg | |
| Cobalamin (B12) | 8.0 mcg | |
| Ascorbic Acid (C) | 6.7 mg | |
| Niacin (B3) | 0.13 mg | |
| Folic Acid | 1.0 mcg | |
| Choline | 2.3 mg | |
| Pantothenic Acid (B5) | 6.8 mcg | |
| Biotin | 0.33 mcg | |
| Vitamin E | 0.13 IU | |
| MINERALS | Per 1 gm of algae | |
| Boron | 10 mg | |
| Calcium | 14 mg | |
| Chlorine | 464 mcg | |
| Chromium | 0.53 mcg | |
| Cobalt | 2.0 mcg | |
| Copper | 4.0 mcg | |
| Fluorine | 38.0 mcg | |
| Germanium | 0.27 mcg | |
| Iodide | 0.53 mcg | |
| Iron | 350.7 mcg | |
| Magnesium | 2.2 mg | |
| manganese | 32 mcg | |
| Molybenum | 3.3 mcg | |
| Nickel | 5.3 mcg | |
| Phosphorus | 5.1 mg | |
| Potassium | 12 mcg | |
| Selenium | 0.67 mcg | |
| Silicon | 186.7 mcg | |
| Sodium | 2.7 mg | |
| Tin | 0.5 mcg | |
| Titanium | 23.3 mcg | |
| Vanadium | 2.7 mcg | |
| Zinc | 18.7 mcg |
L-Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate
DESCRIPTION
L-ornithine Alphaketoglutarate (OKG) is an amino acid compound which improves performance in hypercatabolic states associated with such activities as vigorous sports and weight-lifting.
INDICATIONS
OKG is valuable as a nutritional supplement in conjunction with strenuous physical activity for its ability to increase endurance, shorten recovery time, and increase muscle mass.
BIOCHEMISTRY
L-ornithine and alpha-ketoglutarate work synergistically in hypercatabolic states to achieve several favorable intermediate outcomes. OKG reduces the rate at which ammonia accumulates. The nitrogen-sparing quality of OKG may be related to its ability to reduce the rate of glutamine loss. Glutamine plays an important role in protein turnover during catabolic states. As a result of these intermediate outcomes, OKG increases endurance, reduces muscle fatigue and shortens recovery time. In addition, OKG increases production of human growth hormone, which in turn increases muscle mass.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
OKG is considered to be non-toxic and there are no known contraindications.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
10 grams daily in one dose.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Appearance | white powder |
| Assay | L-ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate 98% |
| Loss on drying | < 2% |
| Bulk density | 0.657 gm/cc |
| Heavy Metal specifications: | |
| Pb | < 10 ppm |
| As | < 1 ppm |
| Hg | < 1 ppm |
| Microbiological specifications: | |
| Total count | < 5,000 / gm |
| E. Coli | neg. |
| Salmonella | neg. |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Abumrad, N. et al. (1989) Possible sources of glutamine for parenteral nutrition: impact on glutamine metabolism. Am J Phys. 257: 228-234.
Cynober, L. et al. (1984) Kinetics and metabolic effects of orally administered ornithine a-ketoglutarate in healthy subjects fed with a standardized regimen. Amer. Jour. Clin. Nutr. 39: 514-519.
Wernerman, J. et al. (1990) a-Ketoglutarate and post-operative muscle catabolism. Lancet ii. 701-703.
N-Acetyl Cysteine
DESCRIPTION
N-Acetyl Cysteine is a non-toxic derivative of the dietary amino acid L-cysteine, and is a dietary precursor to reduced glutathione (GSH). N-Acetyl Cysteine is a sulfhydryl (-SH) substance, in the form of a crystalline powder with a acid taste and slightly characteristic odor.
INDICATIONS
N-Acetyl Cysteine is a powerful anti-oxidant and cell detoxification cofactor. By eliminating free radicals and carrying heavy metals out of the body, there is a vast improvement in cellular health and in the aging process. Recent studies focusing upon HIV and AIDS have strongly suggested N-Acetyl Cysteine could function as an antiviral compound, effectively suppressing HIV activation and replication in vitro, and supporting T lymphocyte function in humans. Additional applications of N-Acetyl Cysteine in the prevention of nitrate tolerance, and in the management of gallstones and cystine kidney stones, may be proven effective with future clinical studies. In the FDA Medwatch program brochure, the FDA stated acetominophen overdoses require "immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage" using N-Acetyl Cysteine.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
N-Acetyl Cysteine is currently the dietary supplement of choice for building up or conserving the body's stores of glutathione, cysteine and other sulfhydryl anti-oxidant resources. Reduced glutathione is an integral component of the body's anti-oxidant defenses and in innumerable ways is involved in maintaining life functions. Favorable sulfhydryl balance is important for the neutralization of toxins, including heavy metals (such as mercury from dental amalgam fillings, cadmium, and lead from paint) and cigarette smoke. The sulfhydryl balance has also been linked to enhanced resistance to viral infections.
BIOCHEMISTRY
N-Acetyl Cysteine, or NAC, is a more stable form of the sulfated amino acid cysteine. It is a more bioavailable and much more cost-effective substitute for tripeptide glutathione. Glutathione consists of the amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine. The body has to break the tripeptide apart in order to absorb glutathione, and only about half gets through the digestive system. Cysteine is the least abundant of the three peptides; its availability is the rate determining factor for the production of glutathione. Regular L-cysteine loses approximately 85% of its sulphur groups in the digestive process. N-Acetyl Cysteine, on the other hand, is readily absorbed and loses only 15% of its sulfur groups. Therefore, NAC is an excellent dietary starting molecule for building up reduced glutathione. N-Acetyl Cysteine is also a biochemical resource for the detoxification of 'xenobiotics', substances foreign to the body. Sulfhydryls such as NAC are crucial for the detoxification of heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and lead.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
N-Acetyl Cysteine is very safe for oral supplementation. Ingestion of large doses (5-6 grams per day) can cause mild diarrhea or vomiting. Certain antibiotics may become inactivated if mixed directly with N-Acetyl-Cysteine.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
600 to 1000 mg per day
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Description | crystalline white powder |
| Loss on drying | 0.14% |
| State of solution | pass test |
| Residue on ignition | 0.05% |
| Sulfate (SO4) | >0.03% |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | > 10 ppm |
| Iron (Fe) | 1.2 ppm |
| Ammonium (NH4) | > 0.02% |
| Arsenous oxide | > 1 ppm |
| Other amino acids | pass test |
| Chloride (Cl) | > 0.04 % |
| Assay | 99.74% |
Pacific Oyster Extract
DESCRIPTION
Pacific Oyster Extract (Crassostreagis thunberg) is prepared from mature Japanese oysters, harvested from the cold, clean, mineral-rich seawaters of the Sanriku Coast of Nothern Japan between March and May of each year just before spawning, when their nutritional content is at its peak. The fresh oysters are treated with special enzymes and then freeze-dried, retaining the taurine-rich extra-cellular fluids normally lost in the preparation of commercial oysters. The oysters are also rich in glycogen and well-balanced proteins, and are a source of essential minerals, essential fatty acids, and vitamins.
INDICATIONS
Controlled clinical studies show Pacific Oyster Extract can help relieve angina, normalize blood pressure, correct cardiac arrhythmia, normalize blood sugar levels in diabetics, and alleviate liver disturbances due to poor fat metabolism and alcohol consumption. Liver function is largely dependent upon Taurine in the form of taurocholic acid for the metabolism of dietary fats. The observed improvement in cases of cirrhosis, gall stones and hepatitis with administration of Oyster Extract most likely arises from the increased level of taurocholic acid in the liver.
BIOLOGY
Pacific oysters are a relatively rich source of the amino acid taurine. Taurine is not incorporated into protein as other amino acids are; it exists in the free form or as taurocholic acid. Research has shown taurine is vital for cardiovascular health, affecting blood pressure, heart rhythm, and myocardium contraction. Taurine is important in adrenal function, nerve impulse transmission, and in eye physiology. In addition, as a component of taurocholic acid, which is a potent bile emulsifier, taurine is vital to liver and gall bladder biochemistry.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
None known.
SUGGESTED USAGE
250-500 mg/ day
| SAMPLE ANALYSIS | per 100 grams |
| Protein (Amino Acids, etc.) | 42.0 g |
| Carbohydrate (Glycogen, etc.) | 41.3 g |
| Glycogen | (18.5 g) |
| Fat | 2.4 g |
| Ash | 11.1 g |
| Fiber | 0.0 g |
| Water Content | 3.2 g |
| Energy | 370 Kcal |
| Minerals | per 100 grams |
| Calcium | 410.00 mg |
| Sodium | 2500 mg |
| Phosphorus | 472 mg |
| Iron | 20.40 mg |
| Manganese | 3.6 mg |
| Copper | 6.86 mg |
| Potassium | 1190 mg |
| Zinc | 104 mcg |
| Magnesium | 246 mg |
| Iodine | 1.0 mg |
| Cobalt | 21 mcg |
| Vitamins | per 100 grams: |
| Total Carotene | 198 mcg |
| Vitamin B1 | 530 mcg |
| Vitamin B2 | 1.15 mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 300 mcg |
| Vitamin B12 | 60 mcg |
| Biotin | 24.5 mcg |
| Inositol | 98.00 mg |
| Amino Acids | per 100 grams: |
| Taurine | 4.05 mg |
| Arginine | 2.09 mg |
| Lysine | 2.33 mg |
| Histidine | 720 mcg |
| Phenylalanine | 1.08 mg |
| Serine | 1.31 mg |
| Leucine | 2.00 mg |
| Isoleucine | 1.26 mg |
| Methionine | 700 mcg |
| Valine | 1.48 mg |
| Alanine | 2.33 mg |
| Glycine | 3.08 mg |
| Proline | 2.36 mg |
| Tyrosine | 1.00 mg |
| Glutamic Acid | 4.81 mg |
| Apartic Acid | 3.64 mg |
| Tryptophan | 310 mcg |
| Cysteine | 470 mcg |
| Threonine | 1.34 mg |
Pyridoxine Alpha-Ketoglutarate
DESCRIPTION
Pyridoxine alpha-ketoglutarate (PAK) is a nutritional complex of Vitamin B6 and alpha-ketoglutaric acid that improves physical performance and normalizes blood sugar levels.
INDICATIONS
Pak is especially useful in situations such as athletics where optimal physical performance is important. In addition, this complex may be valuable in managing Type I and Type II diabetes.
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAK is comprised of pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) and alpha-ketoglutaric acid (an energy substrate). In the body, these two components of PAK work synergistically to increase energy production in the mitochondria (the part of the cell where energy is produced) by increasing the availability of energy substrates. PAK also reduces the accumulation of lactic and pyruvic acids, which in turn reduces the muscle-fatiguing effects of strenuous activity. In addition, PAK tends to normalize glucose (blood sugar) levels, which could be especially significant for managing Type I and Type II diabetes.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
PAK is considered to be non-toxic and there are no known contraindications.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
30 mg. per kg. (2.2 pounds) of body weight in divided doses for adults engaging in vigorous exercise.
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Appearance | white powder |
| Assay | pyridoxine 46% |
| Loss on drying | < 2% |
| Bulk density | 0.532 gm/cc |
Heavy Metal specifications:
| Pb | < 10 ppm |
| As | < 1 ppm |
| Hg | < 1 ppm |
Microbiological specifications:
| Total count | < 5,000 /gm |
| E. Coli | neg. |
| Salmonella | neg. |
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Dall'Aglio, E. et al. (1982) The effect of pyridoxine alpha-ketoglutarate (PAK) in exercise-induced increase of blood lactate in patients with type I diabetes. Int J Clin Pharm Ther Tox. 20:147-150
Marconi, C. et al. (1982) The effect of alpha-ketoglutarate on human maximal aerobic and anaerobic performance. European Jour Applied Phys. 49: 307-310C
Wheat Sprout Powder
DESCRIPTION
Wheat Sprouts are produced by germinating wheat grains (seeds) and allowing them to grow a few inches tall, usually under hydroponic conditions. They may then be dried and powdered, or they may be sold fresh or juiced.
INDICATIONS
Advanced dietary supplement containing vitamins, minerals, and anti-oxidants.
BIOLOGY
Wheat Sprouts are one of nature's most nutrient-packed foods. Some specially-grown sprouts contain significant anti-oxidant properties from enhanced levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase. Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase are critical components of the anti-oxidant support system in the body. They detoxify superoxides and other free radicals.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
None known
SUGGESTED USAGE
300 mg-900 mg /day
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
| Ash | 6.5 % |
| Moisture | 11.7 % |
| Protein | 39.3 % |
| Fat | 1.2 % |
| Calories | 3.33 /gm |
| Fiber | 17.5 % |
| Vitamin A | 1.83 IU/gr |
| Vitamin C | 0.04 mg/gm |
| Vitamin B1 | 0.001 mg/gr |
| Vitamin B12 | 0.005 mg/gr |
| Niacin | 0.09 mg/gr |
| Zn | 59 mcg/gr |
| Cu | 14 mcg/gr |
| Mn | 24 mcg/gr |
| Na | 3169 mcg/gr |
| Fe | 693 mcg/gr |
| Se | < 0.1 mcg/gr |
| Coliforms | < 4 /gr |
| Salmonella | neg |
| Pesticides | neg |
| Heavy Metals | neg |
Aloe Vera Sp
DESCRIPTION
Aloe Vera, a perennial succulent belonging to the lily family, is a well known herbal medicine with multiple names, such as 'The First Aid Miracle Plant', 'The Burn Plant', etc. The botanical name is 'Aloe Barba-densis, Miller'. Aloe Vera means 'true aloe' in Latin.
INDICATIONS
Aloe Vera has been found to be useful in the treatment of first or second degree burns, acne dandruff, allergic lesions, 'Poisons Three' (Sumac, Oak, and Ivy), bites and stings, minor cuts, herpes (simplex and zoster), etc.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
In general, Aloe Vera has the following characteristics: Anti-microbial activity (viral, fungal and bacterial); healing activity - it helps the body in sloughing off dead tissues and stimulates the growth of new cells with little scar formation for most people (e.g. burns); analgesic and anti-pruritic effects (arthritis); astringent effect (cosmetics); anti-inflammatory action (e.g. bee stings).
BIOCHEMISTRY
The active substances of Aloe Vera are found in the leaves which are composed of the rind, juice and a gel-like substance, the pulp. The active substances are polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, yellow sap (Aloin, or anthraquinones) and Barbaloins (a glycoside), etc. The pulp of Aloe Vera is composed of 96% water and 4% polysaccharides and other substances.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRA-INDICATIONS
No known toxicity. While small amounts taken internally stimulate cell growth and healing, massive amounts may contain enough proteolytic enzymes to cause bleeding. Not for use by pregnant women, because it may produce laxative effects.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
Aloe Vera Powder is used as a supplement to food or drinks, as well as in cosmetics, skin care and hair care products, and O.T.C. pharmaceuticals.
| SAMPLE ANALYSIS | (Extension Ratio 1:200) |
| Appearance | fine powder |
| Color | light cream to beige |
| Odor | moderate vegetable |
| % Water | 8% max. |
| Dispersion rate | 15 minutes |
| Total micro @ 48 hrs. | 10cfu/g |
| pH | 3.5-5.0 |
| Specific Gravity @ 25 C | 0.997 - 1.004 |
| Total solids, % | 0.5 min. |
Lycopene
DESCRIPTION
While Beta Carotene (or pro Vitamin A) is the compound which colors vegetables yellow or orange; another carotene: Lycopene, gives the rich-red color of pink grapefruit, water melon and, especially, ripe tomatoes.
Some 85% of the lycopene obtained from our diet derives from tomato-based products.
However, raw tomatoes and even processed tomato juice do not seem to be as beneficial as the processed forms, in particular tomato sauces cooked with oil. The oil appears to enhance absorption while the riper tomatoes used (and possibly other factors involved in processing and/or cooking) further increase the presence and bioavailability of the lycopene.
INDICATIONS
Atherosclerosis (lycopene inhibits the oxidation of LDL cholesterol), cancer: breast, endometrial, lung, pancreas and, especially, prostate.
Lycopene is also the predominant carotenoid found in testes, so may be indicated also for testicular cancer.
PHYSIOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY
Lycopene is the most efficient scavenger of singlet oxygen molecules among the carotenoids.
Also, lycopene efficiently increases gap-junctional communication between cells. Gap-junction communication between cells is lost during malignancy and it is hypothesized that restoration of this communication could reverse the malginant process.
Studies have shown that lycopene inhibits the growth of human endometrial, mammary and lung cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, it does so more rapidly (within a day) versus two or three days for other carotenoids.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
No toxicity known. The body only uses Lycopene and other Carotenes as needed.
While cancer cells are sensitive to lycopene, normal cells overcome growth inhibition in a short time.
BIOCHEMISTRY
While lacking in provitamin A, lycopene still has antioxidant properties.
Consumption of tomato products results in peak serum concentrations being reached within 24 - 48 hours. There is a half-life of 2 or 3 days. Concentration rises, with continued consumption.
There also appears to be a seasonal fluctuation with peak concentrations being reached during summer and fall.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
Three foods have currently been documented to have an inverse relationship of the amount consumed to the risk of developing prostate cancer: tomatoes, tomato sauce and pizza. It is not surprising then that the world's largest processor of tomatoes, the H.J. Heinz Company, should be delighted to publicize this research!
Capsule formulations are beginning to appear in the marketplace. A typical capsule would have 3 mg of lycopene. Lycopene is also part of antioxidant formulations and may be found together with other carotenoids to improve vision and other conditions.
CURRENT ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer
Examined the relationship between the intake of various carotenoids, retinol, fruits, and vegetables and the risk of prostate cancer.
Between 1986 and 1992, 812 new cases of prostate cancer, including 773 non-stage Al cases, were documented. Intakes of the carotenoids beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, and beta-cryptoxanthin were not associated with risk of non-stage Al prostate cancer; only lycopene intake was related to lower risk. Of 46 vegetables and fruits or related products, four were significantly associated with lower prostate cancer risk; of the four--tomato sauce, tomatoes, and pizza, but not strawberries--were primary sources of lycopene.
Combined intake of tomatoes, tomato sauce, tomato juice, and pizza (which accounted for 82% of lycopene intake) was inversely associated with risk of prostate cancer, for consumption frequency greater than 1 0 versus less than 1. 5 servings per week.
Findings suggest that intake of lycopene or other compounds in tomatoes may reduce prostate cancer risk, but other measured carotenoids are unrelated to risk.
Tomato-based foods may be especially beneficial regarding prostate cancer risk.
Giovannucci E et al: Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1995 Dec 6, 87:23, 1767-76.
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Giovannucci E et al: Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1995 Dec 6, 87:23, 1767-76.
Levy, J. et al: Nutr Cancer 1995; 24: 257-266.
Scott, K.J. et al: The correlation between intake of lutein, lycopene and B-carotene from vegetables and fruits in blood plasma concentrations in a group of women aged 50 - 65 years in the UK. Br. J. Nutrition, 1996,75: 409 - 418.
Stahl, W. et al: cis-trans isomers of lycopene and beta-carotene in human serum and tissues. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 294(1): 173 - 177.
Stahl, W. & Sies, H.: Uptake of lycopene and its geometrical isomers is greater from heat-processed than from unprocessed tomato juice in humans. J. Nutrition, 1992, 122(11): 2161 - 2166.
Stahl W, Sies H: Lycopene: a biologically important carotenoid for humans? Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 336:1-9, 1996.
Cernilton
History of Pollen Extracts
Pollen and its extracts have been used for many years as therapeutic agents for a number of conditions. For the last forty years a Swedish company has manufactured specific extracts to relieve prostate symptoms.
Research Briefs:
1. Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Prostat, China Medical University Affiliated to The First Hospital, (June 1996)
Sixty-six (66) patients aged 53-61 years diagnosed with BPH were treated with a pollen extract product (Prostat) for six months, using 2 tablets per day. Objective criteria were quality of life (I-PSS), size of prostate by DRE and ultrasound, and residual urine and maximum urine flow rates. 41% of the cases were rated severe; 59% were rated moderate.
The overall clinical effective rate was 87.1% after 3 months and 92% after 6 months. There was a statistically significant reduction in the average of the residual urine. Prostat was found to reduce the size of the prostate, to have a possible curative effect on the underlying cause of the disease itself, and to be an effective agent for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. No significant side effects were noted.
2. Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Chronic Non-bacterial prostatitis with Prostat, Shanghai Male Disease Medical Consultation and Service Center, June, 1996.
One-hundred eighteen (118) patients aged 45-81 years, diagnosed with BPH, and nineteen (19) patients aged 21-46 years, diagnosed with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, were treated with Prostat for three months. In the BPH group, the overall clinical effective rate was 81.5%. In the chronic non-bacterial prostatitis group, the total clinical effective rate was 73.7%. No adverse reactions were noted.
3. Results of Treatment with Pollen Extract (Cernilton) in Chronic Prostatitis and Prostatodynia, British Journal of Urology (1993), 71, 433-438.
A six month , controlled study of patients (#90) with chronic prostatitis syndrome. Cernilton was 78% effective in the treatment of patients with chronic BPH, non-bacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia. 38% had the prostate revert to normal size. Significant beneficial effects were in all symptoms associated with these conditions. The extract was well tolerated in 97% of the casesand in no case was therapy discontinued because of adverse effects.
4. Clinical Effect of Cernilton in Chronic Prostatitis, Acta. urol. Jpn. (1992), 38, 489-494.
Patients (#25) with chronic prostatitis were given Cernilton tablets. Improvement of subjective symptoms and objective findings was noted in 96% and 76% of the cases. Sonographic findings in the prostate showed 33-100% improvement in four objective items. No side effects were observed in any case. Cernilton was effective for chronic prostatitis.
5. Treatment of Outflow Tract Obstruction due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with the Pollen Extract, Cernilton, British Journal of Urology (1990), 66, 398-404.
Patients (#60) with outflow obstruction due to BPH were entered into a double-blind study to evaluate a six-month course of therapy. There was a statistically significant improvement with the pollen extract treated patients in 69% of the cases. Significant improvements were seen in residual urine and in the diameter of the prostate as determined by ultrasound examination.
6. Clinical Evaluation of Cernilton on Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy, Hinyokika Kiyo (1990), 36-4, 495-516.
A multiple center double blind study was performed with patients (#192). The pollen extract product was judged to be effective in 49% of the patients treated with the pollen extract product. No side effects of abnormalities were seen as a result of the treatment.
7. Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis and Prostatodynia with Pollen Extract , British Journal of Urology (1989), 64, 496-499.
Patients (#15) with chronic prostatitis of prostatodynia were entered into the study. In 13 patients there was either complete and lasting relief of symptoms of a marked improvement. The authors suggested that the pollen extracts had anti-inflammatory action. No toxicity was seen for the pollen extract treated patients.
LITERATURE REFERENCES (In chronological order.)
1. Nielsen, N., Gr”mmer, J., and Lunden R, (1955) Investigation on the Chemical Composition of Pollen from some Plants. Acta Chem. Scand, 9, 1100-1106.
2. J”nsson, G. (1961) Prostatitis and Pollen. Swedish Medical Journal, 58, 2487.
3. Ask-Upmark, E. (1963) The treatment of prostatitis. Zeitschrift für Urologia, 56.
4. Ask-Upmark, E. (1967) Prostatitis and its treatment. Acta Medica Scand, 181, 355-357
5. Ohkoshi, M., Kawamura, N. and Nagakubo, I. (1967) Clinical evaluation of Cernilton in chronic prostatitis. Japanese Journal of Clinical Urology, 21, 73.
6. Inada, T., Kitagawa, T. and Miyakawa, M. (1967) Use of Cernilton in patients with prostatic hypertrophy. Acta Urologica Japonica, 13, 466.
7. Kvanta, E. (1968) Sterols in Pollen. Acta Chem Scand, 22, 2161-2165.
8. Iton, R. (1968) Pharmacological Studies of Cernilton, Cernitin GBX and Cernitin T60. Journal of the Medical Society of Toho University, 15, 1-11.
9. Takeuchi, H., Yamauchi, A., Ueda, T. (1981) Quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of Cenilton on benign prostatic hypertophy. Acta Urol. Jap., 27, 317-326.
10. Ito, R., Ishii, M., Yamashita, S., et al. (1986) Cernitin pollen extract (Cernilton); anitprostatic hypertrophic action of Cernitin pollen-extract (Cernilton). Pharmacometrics, 31, 1-11.
11. Kimura, J., Kimura, I., Makase, K., (1986) Micturition activity of pollen extract: contractile effects on bladder and inhibitory effects on urethral smooth muscle of mouse and pig. Planta Med., 2, 148-151.
12. Becker, H. & Ebeling, L. (1988) Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with CerniltonRN: a placebo controlled, double blind study. Urologie (B), 28, 301-306.
13. Habib, F.K., Buck, A.C., Ross, M. (1990) In vitro evaluation of the pollen extract, Cernitin T-60, in the regulation of prostate cell growth. Br. J. Urol., 66, 393-397.
14. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with Prostat. China Medical University Affiliated to the First Hospital, June, 1996.
15. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and chonic non-bacterial prostatitis with Prostat. Shanghai Male Disease Medical Consultation and Service Center, June, 1996.