Pantethine Supplements
Description
Pantethine is a derivative of pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5). Both pantothenic acid and pantethine are converted in the body to Coenzyme A, the active form of vitamin B-5. Pantethine possesses unique properties not shared by pantothenic acid, especially in relation to lowering elevated blood lipids and enhancing cellular respiration.
Several studies have found that pantethine (300 mg taken two to four times per day) significantly lowers serum cholesterol levels and increases HDL
Method of Action
Supplementation with pantethine shows promise of a favorable impact on a variety of lipid risk factors in persons with hypercholesterolemia, arteriosclerosis, and diabetes.
Pantethine is the metabolic substrate, which constitutes the active part of coenzyme A (CoA) molecules and acyl carrier proteins. Because pantethine is located nearer to CoA than is pantothenic acid in the biosynthetic pathway of CoA, it has been suggested it will have clinical benefits in conditions where pantothenic acid is not effective.
CoA one of the most important substances in body metabolism, which participates in fundamental metabolic functions the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, the Krebs cycle in which most of the body's energy is produced, utilization of nutrients, including fats, proteins, and carbohydrates as well as maintenance of blood sugar levels
Pantethine has been shown to reduce tissue levels of acetaldehyde and as such may be a useful adjunct in protocols for chronic candidiasis and alcoholism. Research has indicated that the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase may be increased by supplementation with pantethine. This enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of formaldehyde and as such pantethine may be helpful to those with formaldehyde sensitivity.
Therapeutic Approaches
Research suggests that Pantethine could be a valuable nutrient in:
-Regulation and moderation of blood cholesterol levels
-Growth of "friendly" bacteria, particularly critical when bacteria are diminished through the use of antibiotics
-Fatty acid synthesis
-Carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism
Toxicity Factors
Pantethine is thought to be nontoxic and has no known side effects. Pantothenic acid does, however, stimulate gastric hypermotility at dosages of 10 to 20 grams, producing diarrhea.
AbstractsReferences
Arsenio L Bodria P Magnati G Strata A Trovato R , Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with dyslipidemia., Clin Ther (1986) 8(5):537-45
Arsenio L, et al. Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with dyslipidemia. Clin Ther 1986;8(5):537-45.
Arsenio L Bodria P Bossi S Lateana M Strata A , Clinical use of pantethine by parenteral route in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense (1987) 58(5-6):143-52 (Italian)
Avogaro P, et al. Effect of pantethine on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in man. Curr Ther Res 1983;33(3):488-493.
Butler JD, Zatz M , Pantethine and cystamine deplete cystine from cystinotic fibroblasts via efflux of cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide.; J Clin Invest (1984 Aug) 74(2):411-6
Cighetti G Del Puppo M Paroni R Galli Kienle M , Modulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity by pantetheine/pantethine., Biochim Biophys Acta (1988 Nov 25) 963(2):389-93
Galeone F, Scalabrino A, Giuntoli F, et al. The lipid-lowering effect of pantethine in hyperlipidemic patients: a clinical investigation. Curr Ther Res 1983;34:383-90.
Gensini GF Prisco D Rogasi PG Matucci M Neri Serneri GG , Changes in fatty acid composition of the single platelet phospholipids induced by pantethine treatment., Int J Clin Pharmacol Res (1985) 5(5):309-18
Miccoli R, Marchetti P, Sampietro T, et al. Effects of pantethine on lipids and apolipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic diabetic and non diabetic patients. Curr Ther Res 1984;36:545-9.
Maggi GC, et al. Pantethine: a physiological lipomodulating agent, in the treatment of hyperlipidemias. Curr Ther Res 1982;32(3):380-6.
Reichlin S Bollinger-Gruber JA , Pantethine, a cysteamine precursor, depletes immunoreactive somatostatin and prolactin in the rat., Endocrinology (1985 Aug) 117(2):492-5
Vecsei L Widerlov E , Preclinical and clinical studies with cysteamine and pantethine related to the central nervous system., Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (1990) 14(6):835-62
Watanabe A Hobara N Kobayashi M Nakatsukasa H Nagashima H , Lowering of blood acetaldehyde but not ethanol concentrations by pantethine following alcohol ingestion: different effects in flushing and nonflushing subjects., Alcohol Clin Exp Res (1985 May-Jun) 9(3):272-6
Wittwer CT Gahl WA Butler JD Zatz M Thoene JG , Metabolism of pantethine in cystinosis., J Clin Invest (1985 Oct) 76(4):1665-72
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