Abstracts
HIV-1
HIV-1
In this study, propolis, a non-toxic natural beehive product, may constitute a non-toxic natural product with both anti HIV-1 and immunoregulatory effects. It may suppress HIV-1 replication and modulate in vitro immune responses. It also stopped syncytium formation, inhibited HIV-1 at a lower concentration, and decreased p24 antigen production between 90-100% in a concentration-dependent matter. Therefore, propolis may be a potential agent for HIV-1 patients.
Harish Z, Rubinstein A, Golodner M, Elmaliah M, Mizrachi Y: Suppression of HIV-1 replication by propolis and its immunoregulatory effect, Drugs Exp Clin Res 1997; 23(2): 89-96
Antimicrobial Action
Antimicrobial Action
According to this study, the antimicrobial action of propolis and its observed synergism with selected antibiotics may influence the bioenergetic condition of microorganisms such as B. subtilis, E. coli, and R. sphaeroides. Propolis' ethanolic extract had a bactericidal effect and was species specific. It was bactericidal against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. The results indicated that bee propolis might be effective in inhibiting bacterial growth.
Mirzoeva OK, Grishanin RN, Calder PC: Antimicrobial action of propolis and some of its components: the effects on growth, membrane potential and motility of bacteria, Microbiol Res 1997 Sep; 152(3): 239-46
Biological Properties
Biological Properties
Bee propolis, a material used by bees in constructing their hives, may have many
antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral and antitumour properties. Propolis is relatively non-toxic with a no-effect level (NOEL) in a 90-mouse study of 1400 mg/kg body weight/day. The use of products containing propolis have resulted in dermal contact and are also being used as a dietary supplement.
Burdock GA: Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis), Food Chem Toxicol 1998
Apr; 36 (4): 347-63
Antimicrobial Activity
Antimicrobial Activity
According to this study, bee propolis exhibits strong antimicrobial properties, while arnica may be only slightly effective as an antimicrobial. Both arnica and bee propolis were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity against 15 microorganisms which regularly cause oral infections, including Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, using the agar culture method and measuring the zone of inhibition. Bee propolis (400-500 microg/ml) significantly inhibited growth and adherence of all organisms in culture, while arnica of the same concentration only slightly inhibited growth and adherence.
Koo H, et al: In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica montana against oral pathogens, Arch Oral Biol 2000 Feb;45(2):141-8
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