Abstracts
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates, commonly used in veterinarian medicine, may also be used to effectively treat symptoms of osteoarthritis, especially for patients suffering from chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Joint noises, pain and swelling after taking these supplements decreased among patients. Thus, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates might be used to alleviate symptoms associated with TMD.
Shankland WE 2nd: The effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on osteoarthritis of the TMJ: a preliminary report of 50 patients, Cranio 1998 Oct; 16(4): 230-5
All symptoms decreased in both groups. The patients treated with glucosamine sulfate experienced a reduction in overall symptoms that was almost twice as large (73% vs 41%) and twice as fast (time to reduce symptoms by 50%: 20 days vs 36 days) as those who had placebo. The improvement of autonomous mobility was relatively less, compared to improvement in the other symptoms, for patients with placebo; with glucosamine sulfate, on the contrary, the improvement was as great and as fast as that of the other symptoms. Thus a direct action of glucosamine sulfate on the cartilage is hypothesized.
Drovanti, A. et al: Therapeutic activity of glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthrosis: a placebo-controlled double-blind investigation. Clin. Therapeutics,1980,3(4): 260-72.
Significant alleviation of the symptoms was associated with the use of the active drug at the prescribed dose. Patients given glucosamine sulfate experienced earlier alleviation of symptoms compared with those who had placebo.
The use of glucosamine sulfate also resulted in a significantly larger portion of patients who experienced lessening or disappearance of symptoms within the trial period. No adverse reactions were reported by the patients treated with glucosamine, and no variation in laboratory tests was recorded.
Pujalte,J.M. et al: Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis. Curr. Med. Res. Op. 1980,7(2): 110-4.
Glucosamine sulfate (Dona, CAS 29031-19-4) is a drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. When orally given, it is more effective than placebo and at least as effective as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in relieving osteoarthritis symptoms. The aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate intramuscularly given on the same parameters.
155 out-patients with knee osteoarthritis were treated with i.m. glucosamine sulfate (or placebo) 400 mg twice a week for 6 weeks.
The Lequesne index was slightly over 10 points in average in both groups at the beginning of treatment. A significant decrease in the index was observed for glucosamine compared to placebo (3.3 vs. 2.0 points in average). The responder rate in the evaluable patients was 55% with glucosamine (n = 73) and only 33% (n = 69) with placebo.
Reichelt-A; Forster-KK; Fischer-M; Rovati-LC; Setnikar-I. : Efficacy and safety of intramuscular glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Jan; 44(1): 75-80.
An open study was carried out by 252 doctors throughout Portugal with 1208 patients. The symptoms of pain at rest, on standing and on exercise and limited active and passive movements improved steadily throughout the treatment period. The improvement obtained lasted for a period of 6 to 12 weeks after the end of the treatment.
Objective therapeutic efficacy was rated by the doctors as 'good' in 59% of patients and 'sufficient' in a further 36%. 112 patients who did not respond to previous treatments benefited from glucosamine administration. Better than average results were obtained in patients with arthrosis of the shoulder or elbow.
Tapadinhas, M.J. et al. Oral glucosamine sulfate in the management of arthrosis: report on a multi-center open investigation in Portugal. Pharmatherapeutica, 1982,3: 157-68.
Compared glucosamine sulfate (#18)and ibuprofen (#20) for unilateral osteoarthrosis of the knee. The difference between the 2 groups (#40) turned significantly in favor of glucosamine at Week 8. Glucosamine sulfate was slower to become effective.
Vaz, A.L. : Double-blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulfate in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee in out-patients. Curr. Med. Res. Op.1982,8:145-9.
Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis
The combination therapy of glucosamine HCL, chondroitin sulfate, and manganese ascorbate may alleviate symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. The combined supplement was administered to 34 U.S. Navy males suffering from knee osteoarthritis during a 16-week trial. Based on various results, knee osteoarthritis symptoms were diminished. Thus, the combination therapy of glucosamine HCl, chondroitin sulfate, and manganese ascorbate may improve conditions of knee osteoarthritis.
Leffler CT, Philippi AF, Leffler SG, Mosure JC, Kim PD: Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, Mil Med 1999 Feb; 164(2): 85-91
Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis
Hip or knee osteoarthritis
Glucosamine and chondroitin may be used to treat osteoarthritis, according to several clinical trials. Glucosamine or chondroitin supplements were tested for the possible treatment of hip or knee osteoarthritis. Glucosamine improved conditions by 39.5% and 40.2% for chondroitin compared with placebo. Glucosamine and chondroitin as health food supplements might alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis. However, the study notes that long term evaluations of the supplements have not been studied.
Deal CL, Moskowitz RW: Nutraceuticals as therapeutic agents in osteoarthritis. The role of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and collagen hydrolysate, Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1999 May; 25(2): 379-95
Mechanism of Inflammation Inhibition
Mechanism of Inflammation Inhibition
According to this study, glucosamine inhibits arthritis inflammation by preventing the production of nitric oxide in human cartilage cells (chondrocytes). The authors show that glucosamine specifically and exclusively inhibits activity of the cytokine interleukin-1 and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, which are necessary for nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide is responsible for blood vessel dilation, which brings increased amounts of blood and immune cells to the affected area, causing inflammation.
Shikhman AR, Kuhn K, Alaaeddine N, Lotz M: N-acetylglucosamine prevents il-1beta-mediated activation of human chondrocytes, J Immunol 2001 Apr 15;166(8):5155-60
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