Abstracts
Intrahepatic Cholestasis
Intrahepatic cholestasis
S-Adenosylmethionine may be used to treat intrahepatic cholestasis among pregnant women. In a study, SAMe and/or urodeoxycholic acid or placebo were administered to pregnant women. As a result, both itching and biochemical abnormalities were improved when the combination of SAMe and urodeoxycholic acid were used. No side effects were reported among women or in infants. Thus, the combination of agents may alleviate intrahepatic cholestasis among pregnant women.
Nicastri PL; Diaferia A; Tartagni M; Loizzi P; Fanelli M: A randomised placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid and S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of Pregnancy, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1998 Nov; 105(11): 1205-7
Parkinson's Disease & SAMe
Parkinson's Disease
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a biological methyl donor, may aggravate or even cause the conditions of Parkinson's Disease (PD), including PD-related depression. In this study, the effect of SAM on Parkinson's Disease was observed. SAM, when injected into rat brains, damaged the nigrostriatum, depleted nigrostriatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and caused tremor and hypokinesia. These effects are also seen in Parkinson's disease. SAM may also interfere with the forebrain TH, an action that may contribute to PD-related depression.
Frey PA; Ballinger MD; Reed GH: Depletion of nigrostriatal and forebrain tyrosine hydroxylase by S-adenosylmethionine: a model that may explain the occurrence of depression in Parkinson's disease, Life Sci - 1997; 61(5): 495-502
Liver Cancer
Liver cancer
This study determined the mechanism of SAMS on liver cancer. S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) catalyzed the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) which was essential to normal cell function. SAMs activity was significantly greater in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells in this study. Later, these cells were treated with ethionine and seleno-D,L-ethionine, two inhibitors purified from Novikoff hepatoma cells. The result was an increased cell lysis in HepG2 and HuH-7. Therefore, SAMs may be beneficial in liver cancer chemotherapy.
Cai J; Sun WM; Hwang JJ; Stain SC; Lu SC: Changes in S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in human liver cancer: molecular characterization and significance, Hepatology - 1996 Nov; 24(5): 1090-7
Cirrhosis & SAMe
Cirrhosis
Early administration of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) may prevent carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury and advanced liver fibrosis. In this study, the effects of S-adenosylmethionine on carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis among rats were examined. The outcome was that all carbon tetrachloride-treated rats had cirrhosis. Those rats treated with SAMe three weeks after the carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury exhibited less cirrhosis. Thus, SAMe may be an effective early aid in preventing cirrhosis of the liver.
Gasso M; Rubio M; Varela G; Cabre M; Caballeria J; Alonso E; Deulofem R; Camps J; Gimenez A; Pajares M; Pares A; Mato JM; Rodes: Effects of S-adenosylmethionine on lipid peroxidation and liver fibrogenesis in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis, J Hepatol - 1996 Aug; 25(2): 200-5
Inhibition of Enzyme in Cirrhosis
Inhibition of enzyme in cirrhosis
S-adenosylmethionine synthesis from methionine and ATP is catalyzed by an enzyme, methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT). In mammals, two genes code for MAT - one present in the liver, and one in all tissues. The liver MAT had two different conformations and was inhibited in human liver cirrhosis. This may be the cause of abnormal methionine metabolism in cirrhosis patients.
Mato JM; Alvarez L; Ortiz P; Pajares MA: S-adenosylmethionine synthesis: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications, Pharmacol Ther - 1997; 73(3): 265-80
Beneficial Therapy
Beneficial Therapy
S-Adenosyl-L Methionine (SAMe) may be helpful in the treatment of these diseases or disorders: depression, Parkinson's disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia. SAMe is an antioxidant which may increase brain neurotransmitter levels, and may increase the binding of these transmitters to receptor sites. According to these studies, it also acts as a detoxifying agent to cell membranes. Furthermore, SAMe maintains the building blocks of glutathione, which may reduce liver and/or eye damage.
van Kempen GM; Janjua R; Roos RA: The clinical potential of ademetionine (s-adenosylmethionine) in neurological disorders, Drugs 48:137-152, 1994
Hallas J.: Altered serotonin metabolism in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease,
Neurol., 34:642-646.
A long-term (2 yrs) clinical trial with S-adenosylmethionine for the
treatment of osteoarthritis, American Journal of Medicine 83(5A): 89-94, 1987
The evaluation of S-adenosylmethionine in primary Fibromyalgia. A double
blind crossover study, American Journal of Medicine 83(5A): 89-94, 1987
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